Lyu Cong, Vonk Marlotte, Hayes John E, Chen Jianshe, Forde Ciarán G, Stieger Markus
Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Sensory Evaluation Center, Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 220 Food Science Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Curr Res Food Sci. 2023 Sep 29;7:100597. doi: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100597. eCollection 2023.
Food texture properties and consumer characteristics influence oral processing behaviors. Little is known about oral processing behavior of pungent spicy foods. In two experiments, we investigated how adding ground dried chilies to tomato soup or beef patties and curried rice altered oral processing behaviors. In Experiment One, tomato soups differing in concentration of added ground dried chilies (0.01, 0.03, 0.20 or 0.40% w/w) were consumed (n = 23). In Experiment Two, lunch meals that differed in added ground dried chilies consisting of beef patties (0.0, 0.6 or 1.2% w/w) and curried rice (0.0, 0.4 or 1.0% w/w) were consumed (n = 49). Sip/bite sizes were determined using hidden balances. Oral processing behavior was quantified using video recordings followed by post hoc annotations of specific behaviors. When eating tomato soup, increasing oral burn was associated with increasing number of water sips, water intake and total time between sips. For the solid meals (beef patties and curried rice), increasing oral burn was associated with increased time between bites and total sips of water; conversely, total oral exposure time, total number of chews and number of chews per bite all decreased with greater burn. Saliva content and rate of saliva incorporation into the solid food bolus increased with added ground dried chilies while oral exposure time decreased. We conclude consumers adapt their oral processing behaviors to oral burn of solid foods by reducing oro-sensory exposure time, chewing bites less, increasing time between bites, and consuming more water, potentially to mitigate the discomfort associated with the burn imparted by ground dried chilies.
食物质地特性和消费者特征会影响口腔加工行为。对于辛辣食物的口腔加工行为,我们了解得很少。在两项实验中,我们研究了向番茄汤、牛肉饼和咖喱饭中添加干辣椒粉如何改变口腔加工行为。在实验一中,受试者食用了添加不同浓度干辣椒粉(0.01%、0.03%、0.20%或0.40%,w/w)的番茄汤(n = 23)。在实验二中,受试者食用了添加不同量干辣椒粉的午餐,包括牛肉饼(0.0%、0.6%或1.2%,w/w)和咖喱饭(0.0%、0.4%或1.0%,w/w)(n = 49)。通过隐藏式天平确定啜饮/咬食的大小。利用视频记录并随后对特定行为进行事后注释来量化口腔加工行为。食用番茄汤时,口腔灼烧感增强与饮水次数增加、饮水量增加以及两次饮水之间的总时间增加有关。对于固体食物(牛肉饼和咖喱饭),口腔灼烧感增强与咬食间隔时间增加和饮水总次数增加有关;相反,随着灼烧感增强,口腔总暴露时间、总咀嚼次数和每咬一口的咀嚼次数均减少。随着干辣椒粉添加量的增加,唾液含量和唾液融入固体食物团块的速率增加,而口腔暴露时间减少。我们得出结论,消费者通过减少口腔感官暴露时间、减少每口的咀嚼次数、增加咬食间隔时间以及饮用更多的水来调整他们的口腔加工行为,以适应固体食物带来的口腔灼烧感,这可能是为了减轻与干辣椒粉带来的灼烧感相关的不适。