Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Clin Oral Investig. 2023 Nov;27(11):6383-6393. doi: 10.1007/s00784-023-05292-9. Epub 2023 Oct 16.
This study aims to review halitosis research, discuss its various causes, and propose effective interventions based on the underlying etiologies and mechanisms. The main research question is to identify the primary factors contributing to halitosis and appropriate strategies to address them.
A comprehensive literature review was conducted on halitosis and its associated causes, including oral pathological factors, oral microbial influences, microbial metabolic pathways, gastrointestinal diseases, and gut microbiota dysbiosis.
Unhealthy eating habits and an imbalance of microorganisms in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract were identified as primary causes of halitosis. Dental caries, periodontal disease, xerostomia, and digestive disorders like gastritis and irritable bowel syndrome were also found to be related to the development of halitosis. Due to poor oral hygiene or antibiotic use, disruption of microbial communities can result in dysbiosis, inflammation, and halitosis.
Halitosis is a multifactorial condition with various underlying causes, including oral and systemic diseases. Effective interventions should be tailored based on the specific etiologies and mechanisms involved.
Understanding the factors contributing to halitosis is crucial for developing appropriate treatment strategies. Enhancing oral hygiene habits, using antimicrobial drugs, or administering probiotics may help regulate oral or intestinal flora, thereby improving halitosis and overall oral health.
本研究旨在综述口臭的研究进展，讨论其各种病因，并根据潜在病因和机制提出有效的干预措施。主要研究问题是确定导致口臭的主要因素及解决这些因素的适当策略。
对口臭及其相关病因进行了全面的文献综述，包括口腔病理因素、口腔微生物影响、微生物代谢途径、胃肠道疾病和肠道微生物失调。
不健康的饮食习惯以及口腔和胃肠道中微生物的失衡被认为是口臭的主要原因。龋齿、牙周病、口干和消化不良如胃炎和肠易激综合征也与口臭的发展有关。由于口腔卫生不良或使用抗生素，微生物群落的破坏会导致微生物失调、炎症和口臭。
口臭是一种多因素疾病，其潜在病因包括口腔和全身疾病。应根据具体病因和机制制定有效的干预措施。
了解导致口臭的因素对于制定适当的治疗策略至关重要。加强口腔卫生习惯、使用抗菌药物或给予益生菌可能有助于调节口腔或肠道菌群，从而改善口臭和整体口腔健康。
