Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China.
J Environ Manage. 2023 Dec 15;348:119321. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119321. Epub 2023 Oct 14.
The spatial-temporal variation of the impact of political and social factors such as (Fishing Moratorium, Marine Protected Areas, New Year, and COVID-19) on fishing activities offshore was evaluated based on fishing efforts data by AIS from 2013 to 2020 for China. It is found that the maximum fishing intensity occurs within 20-30 km of the coastline, the area within 40 km of the coastline covers 51% of fishing activities, and within 100 km of the coastline accounts for 92% of fishing activities. From 2013 to 2016, fishing hotspots showed a highly aggregated spread in the Bohai Sea and the East China Sea. Since 2017, China's hot fishing areas have gradually fragmented and southern moved. During the fishing moratorium, the fishing efforts decreased by 51% compared to the pre-moratorium, and after the moratorium, the fishing efforts increased by 81% compared to the pre-moratorium on average. We investigated fishing activities in and around 249 MPAs in China and found that 71% of MPAs are free of fishing, and average fishing intensity across MPAs is 35% lower than not protected areas. Regarding the social events, it is concluded that during the New Year holiday, the fishing efforts and fishing area were reduced by 79% and 73%, respectively, compared to the regular fishing period. The COVID-19 epidemic prompted a decrease in fishing efforts in 2020 for the first time since 2013, with the average fishing efforts in 2020 being 14% and 6% lower than in 2019 and 2017 to 2019, respectively.
基于 2013 年至 2020 年 AIS 的渔船活动数据，评估了政治和社会因素（休渔期、海洋保护区、新年和 COVID-19）对沿海捕捞活动的时空变化影响。结果表明，最大捕捞强度出现在距海岸线 20-30 公里的范围内，40 公里范围内的海域覆盖了 51%的捕捞活动，100 公里范围内的海域占捕捞活动的 92%。2013 年至 2016 年，渤海和东海的捕捞热点呈高度聚集性扩散。自 2017 年以来，中国的热点捕捞区逐渐分散并向南移动。休渔期期间，捕捞努力量比休渔前减少了 51%，休渔结束后，捕捞努力量比休渔前平均增加了 81%。我们调查了中国 249 个海洋保护区及其周边的捕捞活动，发现 71%的海洋保护区没有捕捞活动，保护区内的平均捕捞强度比非保护区低 35%。关于社会事件，研究发现，与正常捕捞期相比，新年假期期间，捕捞努力量和捕捞面积分别减少了 79%和 73%。COVID-19 疫情导致 2020 年的捕捞努力量首次下降，与 2019 年和 2017 年至 2019 年相比，2020 年的平均捕捞努力量分别下降了 14%和 6%。
