Department of Chest Diseases, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
Department of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2024;185(1):10-19. doi: 10.1159/000531866. Epub 2023 Oct 16.
The full spectrum of bacterial and fungal species in adult asthma and the effect of inhaled corticosteroid use is not well described. The aim was to collect mouthwash and induced sputum samples from newly diagnosed asthma patients in the pretreatment period and in chronic asthma patients while undergoing regular maintenance inhaled corticosteroid therapy, in order to demonstrate the bacterial and fungal microbiome profile.
The study included 28 asthmatic patients on inhaler steroid therapy, 25 steroid-naive asthmatics, and 24 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was isolated from induced sputum and mouthwash samples. Analyses were performed using bacterial primers selected from the 16S rRNA region for the bacterial genome and "panfungal" primers selected from the 5.8S rRNA region for the fungal genome.
Dominant genera in mouthwash samples of steroid-naive asthmatics were Neisseria, Haemophilus, and Rothia. The oral microbiota of asthmatic patients on inhaler steroid treatment included Neisseria, Rothia, and Veillonella species. Abundant genera in induced sputum samples of steroid-naive asthma patients were Actinomyces, Granulicatella, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and Atopobium. Sputum microbiota of asthma patients taking inhaler steroids were dominated by Prevotella and Porphyromonas. Mucor plumbeus and Malassezia restricta species were abundant in the airways of steroid-naive asthma patients. Choanephora infundibulifera and Malassezia restricta became dominant in asthma patients taking inhaled steroids.
The oral and airway microbiota consist of different bacterial and fungal communities in healthy and asthmatic patients. Inhaler steroid use may influence the composition of the oral and airway microbiota.
成人哮喘中细菌和真菌物种的全貌以及吸入皮质类固醇的使用效果尚未得到很好的描述。本研究的目的是从新诊断的哮喘患者在治疗前阶段和正在接受常规维持吸入皮质类固醇治疗的慢性哮喘患者中采集漱口液和诱导痰样本，以展示细菌和真菌微生物组图谱。
该研究纳入了 28 名正在接受吸入性类固醇治疗的哮喘患者、25 名未使用类固醇的哮喘患者和 24 名健康对照者。从诱导痰和漱口样本中提取基因组 DNA。使用从细菌基因组的 16S rRNA 区域选择的细菌引物和从真菌基因组的 5.8S rRNA 区域选择的“泛真菌”引物进行分析。
未使用类固醇的哮喘患者漱口样本中的优势属为奈瑟菌属、嗜血杆菌属和罗氏菌属。吸入性类固醇治疗的哮喘患者的口腔微生物群包括奈瑟菌属、罗氏菌属和韦荣球菌属。未使用类固醇的哮喘患者诱导痰样本中丰富的属为放线菌属、颗粒单胞菌属、梭杆菌属、消化链球菌属和痤疮丙酸杆菌属。吸入性类固醇治疗的哮喘患者的痰液微生物群主要由普雷沃氏菌属和卟啉单胞菌属组成。未使用类固醇的哮喘患者气道中丰富的真菌为黑毛霉属和限制马拉色菌属。气道中曲霉菌属和限制马拉色菌属在吸入性类固醇治疗的哮喘患者中占优势。
健康和哮喘患者的口腔和气道微生物群由不同的细菌和真菌群落组成。吸入性类固醇的使用可能会影响口腔和气道微生物群的组成。
