Departamento de Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
Grupo de Investigación en Toxinología, Alternativas Terapéuticas y Alimentarias, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
Biochimie. 2024 Jan;216:120-125. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.10.009. Epub 2023 Oct 14.
In Colombia, the Micrurus genus comprises 30 species, including M. mipartitus and M. dumerilii, which are of major clinical relevance due to their wide geographical distribution and the number of snakebites inflicted by them. These neurotoxic envenomations are characterized by neuromuscular paralysis attributed to venom components such as three-finger toxins (3FTx) and phospholipases (PLA). Additionally, there is limited information available on the neutralizing coverage of commercially available antivenoms, underscoring the need to perform studies to assess the cross-neutralizing ability of these life-saving products. Therefore, we present an in-depth immunorecognition analysis by the anticoral-INS antivenom from Colombia on the M. mipartitus and M. dumerilii venoms. The antivenom cross-recognized the whole venoms and their components with different intensities. For instance, the antivenom showed better recognition on PLAs than on 3FTxs in both venoms. Moreover, at doses tested, the antivenom totally neutralized the lethal effect of M. dumerilii venom; however, it did not neutralize this effect induced by M. mipartitus venom and its main toxic components from the southwestern region of the department of Antioquia. Furthermore, the anticoral-INS antivenom displayed better cross-immunorecognition of PLA-predominant Micrurus venoms than of 3FTx-predominant Micrurus venoms. This highlights the need to include venoms from both types of venom patterns in the immunization mixture to produce antivenoms against coral snakes. Finally, our results suggest the need for further research to optimize the composition of immunizing mixtures for antivenom production and improve their efficacy against coral snake envenomation in Colombia and the Americas.
在哥伦比亚，细鳞太攀蛇属包含 30 个物种，包括 M.ipartitus 和 M.dumerilii，由于它们广泛的地理分布和由此造成的咬伤数量，这些蛇具有重要的临床意义。这些神经毒性蛇伤的特征是由于毒液成分（如三指毒素[3FTx]和磷脂酶[PLA]）引起的神经肌肉麻痹。此外，关于商业上可用的抗蛇毒血清的中和覆盖范围的信息有限，这突出了需要进行研究来评估这些救命产品的交叉中和能力。因此，我们展示了来自哥伦比亚的抗珊瑚蛇 INS 抗蛇毒血清对 M.ipartitus 和 M.dumerilii 毒液的深入免疫识别分析。抗蛇毒血清以不同的强度交叉识别整个毒液及其成分。例如，抗蛇毒血清在两种毒液中对 PLA 的识别优于对 3FTx 的识别。此外，在测试剂量下，抗蛇毒血清完全中和了 M.dumerilii 毒液的致死作用；然而，它并没有中和 M.ipartitus 毒液及其来自安蒂奥基亚省西南部的主要毒性成分引起的这种作用。此外，抗珊瑚蛇 INS 抗蛇毒血清对以 PLA 为主的细鳞太攀蛇属毒液的交叉免疫识别优于以 3FTx 为主的细鳞太攀蛇属毒液。这突出表明需要在免疫混合物中包含这两种类型的毒液模式的毒液，以生产针对珊瑚蛇的抗蛇毒血清。最后，我们的结果表明需要进一步研究，以优化抗蛇毒血清生产中免疫混合物的组成，并提高其在哥伦比亚和美洲对抗珊瑚蛇咬伤的疗效。
