The potential of magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of thoracic arterial diseases.

Fifty-three patients with a variety of thoracic aortic or pulmonary arterial diseases were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging to determine the potential of this new technique for the diagnosis of thoracic vascular disease. Direct visualization of the atherosclerotic plaques and demonstration of their precise location and extent was achieved by magnetic resonance imaging. The size and extent of the aneurysms and the presence of mural thrombus were demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging identified the intimal flap and indicated the proximal extent of thoracic aortic dissection. Magnetic resonance imaging permitted direct visualization of thrombi and aneurysm of the pulmonary arteries. In conclusion, magnetic resonance imaging appears to be a totally noninvasive and reliable technique for demonstration of various pathologic processes involving the thoracic aorta and pulmonary arteries. Vascular imaging is achieved without the need for contrast media.