Xu Xin, Feng Xiang, Li Mingyan, Yin Junyi, Chen Jingzhe, Li Fuxiang, Shi Weichen, Cheng Yonghong, Wang Jianhua
State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.
Small. 2024 Mar;20(9):e2308273. doi: 10.1002/smll.202308273. Epub 2023 Oct 17.
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) face challenges in achieving high energy density compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The lower operating voltage and excessive Zn metal as anode pose constraints on the overall energy storage capacity of these batteries. An effective approach is to reduce the thickness of the Zn metal anode and control its mass appropriately. However, under the condition of using a thin Zn anode, the performance of AZIBs is often unsatisfactory. Through experiments and computational simulations, the electrode structural change and the formation of dead Zn as the primary reasons for the failure of batteries under a high Zn utilization rate are identified. Based on this understanding, a universal synergistic strategy that combines Cu foil current collectors and electrolyte additives to maintain the structural and thermodynamic stability of the Zn anode under a high Zn utilization rate (ZUR) is proposed. Specifically, the Cu current collectors can ensure that the Zn anode structure remains intact based on the spontaneous filling effect, while the additives can suppress parasitic side reactions at the interface. Ultimately, the symmetric cell demonstrates a cycling duration of 900 h at a 70% ZU, confirming the effectiveness of this strategy.
与传统锂离子电池（LIBs）相比，水系锌离子电池（AZIBs）在实现高能量密度方面面临挑战。较低的工作电压和过量的锌金属作为阳极对这些电池的整体储能容量构成了限制。一种有效的方法是减小锌金属阳极的厚度并适当控制其质量。然而，在使用薄锌阳极的情况下，水系锌离子电池的性能往往不尽人意。通过实验和计算模拟，确定了电极结构变化和死锌的形成是高锌利用率下电池失效的主要原因。基于这一认识，提出了一种通用的协同策略，该策略结合铜箔集流体和电解质添加剂，以在高锌利用率（ZUR）下维持锌阳极的结构和热力学稳定性。具体而言，铜集流体可基于自发填充效应确保锌阳极结构保持完整，而添加剂可抑制界面处的寄生副反应。最终，对称电池在70%的锌利用率下表现出900小时的循环寿命，证实了该策略的有效性。
