Lehtimäki Jenni, Gupta Shashank, Hjelmsø Mathis, Shah Shiraz, Thorsen Jonathan, Rasmussen Morten Arendt, Soverini Matteo, Li Xuanji, Russel Jakob, Trivedi Urvish, Brix Susanne, Bønnelykke Klaus, Chawes Bo Lund, Bisgaard Hans, Sørensen Søren J, Stokholm Jakob
Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.
Clin Exp Allergy. 2023 Dec;53(12):1268-1278. doi: 10.1111/cea.14414. Epub 2023 Oct 17.
Rural children have a lower risk of asthma and atopic diseases than urban children. However, whether indoor microbiota in non-farming rural homes provides protection is unclear.
Here, we examine if microbes in the beds of rural and urban infants are associated with later development of atopic diseases. We studied fungi and bacteria in the beds of 6-month-old infants (n = 514) in association with the risk of asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema and aeroallergen sensitization at 6 years of age in the prospective COPSAC cohort.
Both fungal and bacterial diversity were lower in the beds of children, who later developed allergic rhinitis (-0.22 [-0.43,-0.01], p = .04 and -.24 [-0.42,-0.05], p = .01 respectively) and lower bacterial richness was discovered in beds of children later developing asthma (-41.34 [-76.95,-5.73], p = .02) or allergic rhinitis (-45.65 [-81.19,-10.10], p = .01). Interestingly, higher fungal diversity and richness were discovered in the beds of children developing eczema (0.23 [0.02,0.43], p = .03 and 29.21 [1.59,56.83], p = .04 respectively). We defined a limited set of fungal and bacterial genera that predicted rural/urban environment. Some rural-associated bacterial genera such as Romboutsia and Bacillus and fungal genera Spegazzinia and Physcia were also associated with reduced risk of diseases, including eczema. These fungal and bacterial fingerprints predicting the living environment were associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis, but not eczema, with rural compositions being protective. The bed dust bacteria mediated 27% of the protective association of a rural living environment for allergic rhinitis (p = .04).
Bed dust microbes can be differentially associated with airway- and skin-related diseases. The differing bed dust microbiota between rural and urban infants may influence their later risk of asthma and allergic rhinitis.
农村儿童患哮喘和过敏性疾病的风险低于城市儿童。然而，非农业农村家庭的室内微生物群是否提供保护尚不清楚。
在此，我们研究农村和城市婴儿床上的微生物是否与过敏性疾病的后期发展有关。我们在前瞻性COPSAC队列中研究了6个月大婴儿（n = 514）床上的真菌和细菌，以及他们6岁时患哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、湿疹和吸入性过敏原致敏的风险。
后来患过敏性鼻炎的儿童床上的真菌和细菌多样性均较低（分别为-0.22 [-0.43，-0.01]，p = 0.04和-0.24 [-0.42，-0.05]，p = 0.01），后来患哮喘（-41.34 [-76.95，-5.73]，p = 0.02）或过敏性鼻炎（-45.65 [-81.19，-10.10]，p = 0.01）的儿童床上发现细菌丰富度较低。有趣的是，患湿疹儿童的床上发现真菌多样性和丰富度较高（分别为0.23 [0.02，0.43]，p = 0.03和29.21 [1.59，56.83]，p = 0.04）。我们定义了一组有限的真菌和细菌属来预测农村/城市环境。一些与农村相关的细菌属，如罗姆布茨菌属和芽孢杆菌属，以及真菌属斯佩加齐尼亚属和橙衣属，也与疾病风险降低有关，包括湿疹。这些预测生活环境的真菌和细菌指纹与哮喘和过敏性鼻炎有关，但与湿疹无关，农村的组成具有保护作用。床尘细菌介导了农村生活环境对过敏性鼻炎保护作用的27%（p = 0.04）。
床尘微生物可能与气道和皮肤相关疾病存在差异关联。农村和城市婴儿床尘微生物群的差异可能会影响他们日后患哮喘和过敏性鼻炎的风险。
