与相邻皮肤相比，面部黄褐斑中内皮素-1、内皮素受体A和内皮素受体B的表达情况。
Expression of Endothelin-1, Endothelin Receptor-A, and Endothelin Receptor-B in facial melasma compared to adjacent skin.
作者信息
da Silva Carolina Nunhez, Miot Hélio Amante, Grassi Tony Fernando, Dias-Melício Luciane Alarcão, Santos Leandro, Espósito Ana Cláudia Cavalcante
机构信息
Department of Dermatology, São Paulo State University (UNESP) - Medical School of Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil.
UNIPEX - Experimental Research Unit, São Paulo State University (UNESP) - Medical School of Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil.
出版信息
Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2023 Oct 12;16:2847-2853. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S402168. eCollection 2023.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although melasma is highly prevalent, its pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. In the skin, endothelin-1 (ET-1) is primarily produced by keratinocytes in response to UVB exposure, which is mediated by an increase in IL-1α or reactive oxygen species. ET-1 plays a role in melanogenesis by binding to specific receptor B (ERB) or receptor A (ERA). However, the expression of ET-1, ERA, and ERB in melasma has not been systematically investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of ET-1, ERA, and ERB in facial melasma compared to the adjacent unaffected skin.
METHODS
Cross-sectional study, with 40 skin samples (20: facial melasma; 20: adjacent unaffected skin) from women with facial melasma without treatment for 30 days except for sunscreen. A triple staining immunofluorescence technique was performed for anti-vimentin, DAPI, plus one of the following antibodies: (a) anti-ET1, (b) anti-ERA; (c) anti-ERB. Interfollicular areas on the slides of each topography (melasma; unaffected skin) were photographed in triplicate under confocal laser microscopy. The mean staining intensities of the image histograms (0-255 pixels intensity) were estimated for different types of cells (suprabasal keratinocytes, basal layer, and upper dermis) and were blindly compared between topographies.
RESULTS
The mean (SD) age of the participants was 44.9 (9.2). The expression of ET-1 was increased in the whole epidermis with melasma when compared to the adjacent skin, being 32.8% (CI95% 14.7%-52.6%) higher in the spinous layer (p=0.013), 30.4% (CI95% 13.7%-47.9%) higher in the basal layer (p=0.014), and 29.7% (CI95% 11.4%-49.7%) higher in the melanocytes (p=0.006). There was no noticeable expression of ET-1 within the cells on the upper dermis. Neither ERA nor ERB resulted in differential epidermal expression between melasma and unaffected skin (p≥0.1).
CONCLUSION
ET-1 is expressed more intensely on the epidermis from the skin with facial melasma compared to the unaffected adjacent skin.
背景/目的：尽管黄褐斑非常普遍，但其发病机制尚未完全明确。在皮肤中，内皮素-1（ET-1）主要由角质形成细胞在紫外线B（UVB）照射下产生，这一过程由白细胞介素-1α（IL-1α）或活性氧的增加介导。ET-1通过与特异性受体B（ERB）或受体A（ERA）结合在黑素生成中发挥作用。然而，ET-1、ERA和ERB在黄褐斑中的表达尚未得到系统研究。本研究的目的是评估与相邻未受影响皮肤相比，ET-1、ERA和ERB在面部黄褐斑中的表达情况。
方法
采用横断面研究，选取40例面部黄褐斑女性的皮肤样本（20例：面部黄褐斑；20例：相邻未受影响皮肤），除使用防晒霜外，30天内未接受其他治疗。采用三重染色免疫荧光技术检测波形蛋白、4',6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚（DAPI）以及以下抗体之一：（a）抗ET-1；（b）抗ERA；（c）抗ERB。在共聚焦激光显微镜下对每个部位（黄褐斑；未受影响皮肤）载玻片上的毛囊间区域进行三次拍照。估计不同类型细胞（棘层上方角质形成细胞、基底层和真皮上层）图像直方图的平均染色强度（强度为0 - 255像素），并对不同部位进行盲法比较。
结果
参与者的平均（标准差）年龄为44.9（9.2）岁。与相邻皮肤相比，黄褐斑患者整个表皮中ET-1的表达增加，棘层中高32.8%（95%置信区间14.7% - 52.6%）（p = 0.013），基底层中高30.4%（95%置信区间13.7% - 47.9%）（p = 0.014），黑素细胞中高29.7%（95%置信区间11.4% - 49.7%）（p = 0.006）。真皮上层细胞内未观察到明显的ET-1表达。ERA和ERB在黄褐斑和未受影响皮肤之间均未导致表皮表达差异（p≥0.1）。
结论
与相邻未受影响皮肤相比，面部黄褐斑皮肤表皮中ET-1的表达更强烈。
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