Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Working Group Meat Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Clinic for Horses, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
PLoS One. 2023 Oct 18;18(10):e0292969. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292969. eCollection 2023.
The 'positive list for equines' (Regulation (EC) No 1950/2006) was implemented in the European Union in 2006. The drugs listed are approved for use in slaughter equines under certain conditions, although those drugs are not approved for use in livestock and are not listed in Table 1 of the annex to Regulation (EU) No 37/2010. The usage of such drugs has to be documented in the equine passport and a withdrawal period of six months must be adhered to before the equine can be slaughtered for human consumption. Since the withdrawal period is long, correct documentation is particularly important. This study compared the results of two sub-studies. In sub-study 1, 116 veterinarians and nine equine clinics in Germany were surveyed about the methods and drugs used for castration of equine stallions. In sub-study 2, the documentational findings of 195 equine passports, belonging to 194 horses and one donkey, were analyzed. Regarding sub-study 1, the most commonly used method for castration was reported as 'laid down'. Drug combinations entailing at least one drug from the 'positive list' were used by 86.7% (91/105) of veterinarians castrating horse stallions 'laid down' and by 64.3% (36/56) of veterinarians utilizing this method on donkey stallions. Regarding sub-study 2, drug documentation was verified in the passports of 4.6% (9/195) of all equines and in just 12.0% (3/25) of those belonging to slaughter equine geldings. Anesthetics from the 'positive list' were documented in 4.0% (1/25) of equine passports belonging to slaughter geldings. Because of the high discrepancy of the drug combinations used by veterinarians and the documentation actually found in equine passports, we conclude that drug administration is very seldom documented in equine passports in Germany. This could result in drug residues in equine meat and poses a potential risk for consumers.
《马属动物正面清单》（EC 法规 No 1950/2006）于 2006 年在欧盟实施。列入清单的药物经批准可在某些条件下用于屠宰马属动物，但这些药物未经批准用于牲畜，也未列入法规（EU）No 37/2010 的附件表 1 中。此类药物的使用必须在马属动物护照中记录，并在马属动物被屠宰供人类食用前遵守六个月的停药期。由于停药期较长，正确的记录尤为重要。本研究比较了两项子研究的结果。在子研究 1 中，对德国的 116 名兽医和 9 家马属动物诊所进行了调查，内容涉及阉割种马的方法和使用的药物。在子研究 2 中，分析了 195 本马属动物护照的记录，这些护照属于 194 匹马和 1 头驴。关于子研究 1，报告中最常用的阉割方法是“躺卧法”。86.7%（91/105）阉割种马“躺卧法”的兽医和 64.3%（36/56）阉割驴种马“躺卧法”的兽医使用了至少一种来自“正面清单”的药物组合。关于子研究 2，在所有马属动物护照的 4.6%（9/195）和属于屠宰用骟马的 12.0%（3/25）中，对药物记录进行了核实。在属于屠宰用骟马的 25 本马属动物护照中，有 4.0%（1/25）记录了麻醉剂来自“正面清单”。由于兽医使用的药物组合与马属动物护照中实际发现的药物组合之间存在很大差异，我们得出结论，德国马属动物护照中很少记录药物管理情况。这可能导致马肉中存在药物残留，对消费者构成潜在风险。
