Ujah Otobo I, Olaore Pelumi, Ogbu Chukwuemeka E, Okopi Joseph-Anejo, Kirby Russell S
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo, Nigeria.
College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America.
PLOS Glob Public Health. 2023 Oct 18;3(10):e0002363. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002363. eCollection 2023.
Food insecurity (FI) remains a key priority for sustainable development. Despite the well-known consequences of food insecurity on health and well-being, evidence regarding the burden and determinants of FI among pregnant women in Nigeria is limited. Framed by the social-ecological model, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of FI, and its associations with individual-/household-level and contextual-level factors among pregnant women in Nigeria. A cross-sectional study based on the Nigerian Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (2021 Nigerian MICS6) was conducted among a sample of 3519 pregnant women aged 15-49 years. Several weighted multilevel multinomial logistic regression models were fitted to assess the association between individual-/household-s level and community-level characteristics with FI. We estimated and reported both fixed effects and random effects to measure the associations and variations, respectively. Results: The prevalence of FI among pregnant women in Nigeria was high, with nearly 75% of the participants reporting moderate to severe FI in the past 12 months (95% CI = 71.3%-75.8%) in 2021. There were also significant differences in all the experiences of food insecurity due to lack of money or resources, as measured by the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), except for feeling hungry but not eating because of lack of money or resources (p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that higher parity, households with 5 or more members, household wealth index, urban residence, and community-level poverty were significantly associated with FI. Our study demonstrates a significantly high prevalence of FI among pregnant women in Nigeria in 2021. Given the negative consequences of FI on maternal and child health, implementing interventions to address FI during pregnancy remains critical to improving pregnancy outcomes.
粮食不安全仍然是可持续发展的关键优先事项。尽管粮食不安全对健康和福祉的后果广为人知，但关于尼日利亚孕妇中粮食不安全的负担和决定因素的证据有限。本研究以社会生态模型为框架，旨在确定尼日利亚孕妇中粮食不安全的患病率及其与个人/家庭层面和背景层面因素的关联。基于尼日利亚多指标类集调查（2021年尼日利亚多指标类集调查6）对3519名年龄在15 - 49岁的孕妇样本进行了横断面研究。拟合了几个加权多水平多项逻辑回归模型，以评估个人/家庭层面和社区层面特征与粮食不安全之间的关联。我们分别估计并报告了固定效应和随机效应，以衡量关联和变异。结果：2021年尼日利亚孕妇中粮食不安全的患病率很高，近75%的参与者报告在过去12个月中存在中度至重度粮食不安全（95%置信区间 = 71.3% - 75.8%）。除了因缺钱或资源而感到饥饿但未进食外，通过粮食不安全经历量表（FIES）衡量的所有因缺钱或资源导致的粮食不安全经历也存在显著差异（p < 0.0001）。多变量分析显示，较高的胎次、家庭成员为5人或更多的家庭、家庭财富指数、城市居住以及社区层面的贫困与粮食不安全显著相关。我们的研究表明，2021年尼日利亚孕妇中粮食不安全的患病率显著较高。鉴于粮食不安全对母婴健康的负面影响，在孕期实施干预措施以解决粮食不安全问题对于改善妊娠结局仍然至关重要。
