Hernández-Vásquez Akram, Vargas-Fernández Rodrigo, Visconti-Lopez Fabriccio J, Aparco Juan Pablo
Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru.
Front Nutr. 2023 Jun 15;10:1187221. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1187221. eCollection 2023.
Food insecurity (FI) is a public health problem affecting many regions of the world. In Venezuela, the political, social and economic situation experienced since 2010 has caused a mass migration of its population to other countries, including Peru, which, in turn, may have limited access to and availability of food leading to a high nutritional burden in this population. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and analyze the determinants of FI in the households of Venezuelan immigrants in Peru.
A cross-sectional study was conducted using the "Encuesta Dirigida a la Población Venezolana que Reside en el País" (ENPOVE 2022). The dependent variable was moderate-severe FI (yes/no), which was constructed from an eight-item Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) to measure FI at the household level. Poisson log generalized linear regression models were fitted to assess the association between the independent variables and FI. In addition, the reliability of the FIES as a tool for measuring food insecurity in the target population was determined.
A total of 3,491 households with Venezuelan migrants and refugees were included in the analysis. We found that 39.0% of Venezuelan immigrant households in Peru experienced moderate-severe FI. The determinants of FI included socio-demographic characteristics of the household head, and economic and geographical characteristics of the household. Regarding the FIES, we found that the inclusion of 7 of the 8 items had adequate internal consistency and its items assessed the same latent range.
This study highlights the need to identify determinants associated with FI to design strategies that mitigate the consequences of health crises and strengthen regional food systems, making them more sustainable. Although several studies have evaluated the prevalence of FI in Venezuelan migrant populations in other countries, this study is the first to evaluate the determinants of FI in Venezuelan immigrant households in Peru.
粮食不安全是一个影响世界许多地区的公共卫生问题。在委内瑞拉，自2010年以来经历的政治、社会和经济形势导致其人口大规模迁移至其他国家，包括秘鲁，这反过来可能使人们获取和获得食物的机会有限，导致该人群面临较高的营养负担。本研究的目的是确定秘鲁委内瑞拉移民家庭中粮食不安全的患病率，并分析其决定因素。
使用“对居住在该国的委内瑞拉人口的定向调查”（ENPOVE 2022）进行了一项横断面研究。因变量是中度至重度粮食不安全（是/否），它由一个八项粮食不安全经历量表（FIES）构建而成，用于衡量家庭层面的粮食不安全。采用泊松对数广义线性回归模型来评估自变量与粮食不安全之间的关联。此外，还确定了FIES作为衡量目标人群粮食不安全工具的可靠性。
分析共纳入了3491户有委内瑞拉移民和难民的家庭。我们发现，秘鲁39.0%的委内瑞拉移民家庭经历了中度至重度粮食不安全。粮食不安全的决定因素包括户主的社会人口特征以及家庭的经济和地理特征。关于FIES，我们发现8个项目中的7个项目纳入后具有足够的内部一致性，且其项目评估的是相同的潜在范围。
本研究强调需要确定与粮食不安全相关的决定因素，以设计减轻健康危机后果并加强区域粮食系统使其更具可持续性的策略。尽管已有多项研究评估了其他国家委内瑞拉移民人口中粮食不安全的患病率，但本研究是首次评估秘鲁委内瑞拉移民家庭中粮食不安全的决定因素。
