Oberlin Austin M, Wylie Blair J
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Founding Director, The Collaborative for Women's Environmental Health at Columbia University, United States.
Semin Perinatol. 2023 Dec;47(8):151841. doi: 10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151841. Epub 2023 Oct 11.
Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) are caused by infectious pathogens that spread from an infected human or animal reservoir to an uninfected human via a vector (mosquito, tick, rodent, others) and remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Pregnant individuals and their fetuses are especially at risk, as certain pathogens, such as Zika virus, have specific implications in pregnancy and for neonatal health. Global climate change is affecting the incidence and geographic spread of many VBDs. Thus, it is important for clinicians in the fields of obstetrics/gynecology and newborn medicine, regardless of geographic location, to familiarize themselves with a basic understanding of these conditions and how climate change is altering their distributions. In this chapter, we review the incidence, clinical presentation, implications during pregnancy and intersection with climate change for four of the most important VBDs in pregnancy: malaria, Zika, dengue and Chagas disease. Although not exhaustive of all VBDs, a more extensive table is included for reference, and our discussion provides a helpful framework for understanding other vector-borne pathogens and perinatal health.
媒介传播疾病（VBDs）由传染性病原体引起，这些病原体通过媒介（蚊子、蜱虫、啮齿动物等）从受感染的人类或动物宿主传播到未受感染的人类，并且仍然是全球发病和死亡的重要原因。孕妇及其胎儿尤其处于危险之中，因为某些病原体，如寨卡病毒，对妊娠和新生儿健康有特定影响。全球气候变化正在影响许多媒介传播疾病的发病率和地理分布。因此，无论地理位置如何，妇产科和新生儿医学领域的临床医生都必须熟悉这些疾病的基本知识，以及气候变化如何改变它们的分布。在本章中，我们将回顾妊娠期间四种最重要的媒介传播疾病的发病率、临床表现、对妊娠的影响以及与气候变化的交叉情况：疟疾、寨卡病毒、登革热和恰加斯病。虽然并未涵盖所有媒介传播疾病，但我们提供了一个更详尽的表格以供参考，并且我们的讨论为理解其他媒介传播病原体和围产期健康提供了一个有用的框架。
