Müller Viktoria, Andrade Costa Larissa Cristine, Rondan Filipe Soares, Matic Eleonora, Mesko Marcia Foster, Kindness Andrew, Feldmann Jörg
The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK.
TESLA-Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2023 Dec 13;25(12):1926-1936. doi: 10.1039/d3em00375b.
Per and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) are common additives in ski waxes for their water repellent characteristic. Abrasion of ski wax leaves PFAS on the snow surface, however, little is known about the distribution and concentration of PFAS in snow and soil due to skiing. In this study we analysed different ski waxes, snowmelts and soil from family skiing areas from Alpine locations using targeted high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) to understand more about PFAS distribution in the environment. In general, we found a very diverse PFAS pattern in the analysed media. PFAS level was higher in skiing areas compared to the non-skiing ones that were used as control. ∑target PFAS ranged between <1.7 ng L and 143 ng L in snowmelt, <0.62 ng g and 5.35 ng g in soil and <1.89 and 874 ± 240 ng g in ski wax samples. Snowmelt was dominated by short-chained PFAS, while soil and wax contained both short and long-chained PFAS. Extractable organic fluorine (EOF) was several orders of magnitude higher for waxes (0.5-2 mg g) than for soils (up to 0.3 μg g), while total fluorine (TF) content of the waxes was even higher, up to 31 210 ± 420 μg g. We also showed that the ∑ target PFAS accounts for up to 1.5% in EOF content, showing that targeted LC-MS/MS gives a limited measure of the pollution originated from ski waxes and non-targeted analysis and EOF is necessary for a better overview on PFAS distribution.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）因其防水特性而成为滑雪蜡中常见的添加剂。然而，滑雪蜡的磨损会使PFAS残留在雪面上，由于滑雪运动，人们对积雪和土壤中PFAS的分布和浓度了解甚少。在本研究中，我们使用靶向高效液相色谱串联质谱法（HPLC-MS/MS）分析了来自阿尔卑斯地区家庭滑雪场的不同滑雪蜡、融雪和土壤，以更深入了解PFAS在环境中的分布情况。总体而言，我们在所分析的介质中发现了非常多样的PFAS模式。与用作对照的非滑雪区域相比，滑雪区域的PFAS水平更高。融雪中目标PFAS总量在<1.7 ng/L至143 ng/L之间，土壤中在<0.62 ng/g至5.35 ng/g之间，滑雪蜡样品中在<1.89 ng/g至874±240 ng/g之间。融雪中以短链PFAS为主，而土壤和蜡中同时含有短链和长链PFAS。蜡的可提取有机氟（EOF）比土壤（最高0.3 μg/g）高出几个数量级（0.5 - 2 mg/g），而蜡的总氟（TF）含量甚至更高，最高可达31210±420 μg/g。我们还表明，目标PFAS总量在EOF含量中占比高达1.5%，这表明靶向LC-MS/MS对滑雪蜡造成的污染衡量有限，非靶向分析和EOF对于更全面了解PFAS分布是必要的。
