Bützer Peter, Bützer Marcel Roland, Piffaretti Florence, Schneider Patrick, Lustenberger Simon, Walther Fabian, Brühwiler Dominik
Isantin GmbH, 9450 Altstätten, Switzerland.
Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zürich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland.
Materials (Basel). 2024 Jul 17;17(14):3543. doi: 10.3390/ma17143543.
Quinacridone (QA) and 2,9-dimethylquinacridone (DQA) are synthetic substances suitable as a hard, abrasion-resistant, self-organizing gliding layer on ice and snow. For sustainable use, a large number of parameters must be considered to demonstrate that these non-biogenic substances and their by-products and degradation products are harmless to humans and the environment in the quantities released. For this task, available experimental data are used and supplemented for all tautomers by numerous relevant physical, chemical, toxicological and ecotoxicological estimated values based on various Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) methods. On the one hand, the low solubility of QA and DQA leads to stable gliding layers and thus, low abrasion and uptake by plants, animals and humans. On the other hand, the four hydrogen bond forming functional groups per molecule allow nanoparticle decomposition and enzymatic degradation in natural environments. All available data justify a sustainable use of QA and DQA as a gliding layer. The assessment of the toxicological properties is complemented by an investigation of the size and morphology of DQA particles, as well as field tests indicating excellent performance as a gliding layer on snow.
喹吖啶酮（QA）和2,9 - 二甲基喹吖啶酮（DQA）是合成物质，适合作为冰雪上坚硬、耐磨、自组织的滑动层。为实现可持续使用，必须考虑大量参数，以证明这些非生物源物质及其副产物和降解产物在释放量下对人类和环境无害。对于此任务，使用现有的实验数据，并基于各种定量构效关系（QSAR）方法，为所有互变异构体补充大量相关的物理、化学、毒理学和生态毒理学估计值。一方面，QA和DQA的低溶解度导致形成稳定的滑动层，从而减少植物、动物和人类的磨损和吸收。另一方面，每个分子中的四个形成氢键的官能团允许在自然环境中进行纳米颗粒分解和酶促降解。所有现有数据证明QA和DQA作为滑动层可持续使用是合理的。对DQA颗粒的大小和形态进行调查，并进行现场测试以表明其在雪上作为滑动层的优异性能，以此补充毒理学特性的评估。
