Ajami Marjan, Salehi Forouzan, Kalantari Naser, Asadilari Mohsen, Roshanmehr Farnaz, Houshiarrad Anahita, Esmaeili Mina, Abdollahi Morteza
Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Community Nutrition, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
Int J Prev Med. 2023 Jun 22;14:82. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_133_21. eCollection 2023.
Women's nutrition status includes significant effects on their children and household health. The purpose of this study was to assess energy and micronutrient intake adequacy in Iranian women.
This study was a part of the Urban HEART Study, which has jointly been developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) Centre for Health Development, Kobe, Japan. In total, anthropometric and dietary intake data were collected from 1125 women in southern Tehran municipality districts. A 24-h recall questionnaire was completed by the expert nutritionists and the participants' anthropometric statuses were assessed. Food intakes were calculated in grams per capita per day. Micronutrients and energy requirements were adapted from WHO/Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) tables and Iran National Food Consumption Survey, respectively.
Nearly 71.5% of the women were overweight or obese [body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m]. Furthermore, 1.2% of the women were underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m), while 27.3% had normal weight (BMI = 18.5--24.9 kg/m). The mean bread/cereal and vegetable intakes were significantly higher in obese group, compared to that in normal/under/overweight group (375.6 g/day ± 151.4, = 0.05; and 331.4 g/day ± 227.5, = 0.02), respectively]. Women in the lean group significantly consumed higher quantities of cakes/pastries and had the lowest calcium and iron adequacy ratios, compared to other groups ( = 0.001, = 0.03, and = 0.05, respectively).
These findings suggest that Iranian women, especially those who reside in the southern areas of Tehran, need to change their dietary habits to maintain their health. Moreover, being under/normal weight does not necessarily mean following healthy diets.
女性的营养状况对其子女及家庭健康有重大影响。本研究旨在评估伊朗女性能量和微量营养素摄入的充足性。
本研究是城市心脏研究的一部分，该研究由日本神户世界卫生组织（WHO）健康发展中心联合开展。总共从德黑兰市南部行政区的1125名女性中收集了人体测量和饮食摄入数据。由专业营养师完成24小时回顾问卷，并评估参与者的人体测量状况。食物摄入量按人均每日克数计算。微量营养素和能量需求分别参照WHO/联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）表格以及伊朗国家食品消费调查。
近71.5%的女性超重或肥胖[体重指数（BMI）≥25 kg/m²]。此外，1.2%的女性体重过轻（BMI<18.5 kg/m²），而27.3%的女性体重正常（BMI = 18.5 - 24.9 kg/m²）。与正常/体重过轻/超重组相比，肥胖组的面包/谷物和蔬菜平均摄入量显著更高（分别为375.6克/天±151.4，P = 0.05；以及331.4克/天±227.5，P = 0.02）。与其他组相比，瘦组女性显著摄入更多蛋糕/糕点，且钙和铁的充足率最低（分别为P = 0.001，P = 0.03，P = 0.05）。
这些发现表明，伊朗女性，尤其是居住在德黑兰南部地区的女性，需要改变饮食习惯以保持健康。此外，体重过轻/正常并不一定意味着遵循了健康饮食。
