Isherwood Cheryl M, Robertson M Denise, Skene Debra J, Johnston Jonathan D
Section of Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
Section of Metabolic Medicine, Food and Macronutrients, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
Endocr Connect. 2023 Oct 12;12(11). doi: 10.1530/EC-23-0064. Print 2023 Nov 1.
Obesity is a major cause of type 2 diabetes. Transition from obesity to type 2 diabetes manifests in the dysregulation of hormones controlling glucose homeostasis and inflammation. As metabolism is a dynamic process that changes across 24 h, we assessed diurnal rhythmicity in a panel of 10 diabetes-related hormones. Plasma hormones were analysed every 2 h over 24 h in a controlled laboratory study with hourly isocaloric drinks during wake. To separate effects of body mass from type 2 diabetes, we recruited three groups of middle-aged men: an overweight (OW) group with type 2 diabetes and two control groups (lean and OW). Average daily concentrations of glucose, triacylglycerol and all the hormones except visfatin were significantly higher in the OW group compared to the lean group (P < 0.001). In type 2 diabetes, glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 increased further (P < 0.05), whereas triacylglycerol, ghrelin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 concentrations were significantly lower compared to the OW group (P < 0.001). Insulin, C-peptide, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and leptin exhibited significant diurnal rhythms in all study groups (P < 0.05). Other hormones were only rhythmic in 1 or 2 groups. In every group, hormones associated with glucose regulation (insulin, C-peptide, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, ghrelin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), triacylglycerol and glucose peaked in the afternoon, whereas glucagon and hormones associated with appetite and inflammation peaked at night. Thus being OW with or without type 2 diabetes significantly affected hormone concentrations but did not affect the timing of the hormonal rhythms.
肥胖是2型糖尿病的主要病因。从肥胖转变为2型糖尿病表现为控制葡萄糖稳态和炎症的激素失调。由于新陈代谢是一个在24小时内不断变化的动态过程，我们评估了一组10种与糖尿病相关激素的昼夜节律。在一项对照实验室研究中，在清醒期间每小时饮用等热量饮料，每2小时分析一次24小时内的血浆激素。为了区分体重影响与2型糖尿病的影响，我们招募了三组中年男性：一组患有2型糖尿病的超重（OW）组和两组对照组（瘦组和超重组）。与瘦组相比，OW组的葡萄糖、三酰甘油以及除内脂素外的所有激素的平均日浓度均显著更高（P < 0.001）。在2型糖尿病患者中，葡萄糖、胰岛素、C肽、葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽和胰高血糖素样肽-1进一步升高（P < 0.05），而与OW组相比，三酰甘油、胃饥饿素和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1的浓度显著降低（P < 0.001）。在所有研究组中，胰岛素、C肽、葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽和瘦素均表现出显著的昼夜节律（P < 0.05）。其他激素仅在1或2组中有节律。在每组中，与葡萄糖调节相关的激素（胰岛素、C肽、葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽、胃饥饿素和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1）、三酰甘油和葡萄糖在下午达到峰值，而胰高血糖素以及与食欲和炎症相关的激素在夜间达到峰值。因此，无论是否患有2型糖尿病，超重均会显著影响激素浓度，但不会影响激素节律的时间。
