Bailey Erica R, Iyengar Sheena S
Department of Management of Organizations, Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley.
Department of Management, Columbia Business School, Columbia University.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2023 Dec;125(6):1351-1372. doi: 10.1037/pspa0000359. Epub 2023 Oct 19.
Authenticity is often described using terms like "real," "genuine," and "true" suggesting that unbiased and objective self-perception is a core component of the construct. However, people tend to view themselves in an overly positive way. Therefore, we propose that experiencing a positive self-versus an unbiased self-will increase authenticity. We find support for this in seven studies ( = 1,795) with two operationalizations of self-rated authenticity: attributed and state authenticity. We find that authenticity emerges from positive self-beliefs (Study 1), positive personality assessments (Study 2), and positive self-expressions (Study 3a and b). Further, we find that these effects are not driven only by positivity, but positive selves (Study 4), and mediated by the identity centrality (Study 5). Finally, Study 6 finds that this positivity bias does not extend to other-rated authenticity: People who present an overly positive self seem less authentic to others relative to a mixed or negative self-presentation. Taken together, these findings suggest that being "unreal" through positive self-illusions can, paradoxically, make one feel more real. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
真实性通常用“真实的”“真正的”和“真切的”等词来描述，这表明无偏见和客观的自我认知是该概念的核心组成部分。然而，人们倾向于以一种过度积极的方式看待自己。因此，我们提出，体验积极的自我而非无偏见的自我会增强真实性。我们在七项研究（N = 1795）中找到了对此的支持，其中对自我评定的真实性有两种操作化定义：归因真实性和状态真实性。我们发现真实性源自积极的自我信念（研究1）、积极的人格评估（研究2）和积极的自我表达（研究3a和3b）。此外，我们发现这些效应并非仅由积极性驱动，而是由积极的自我（研究4）驱动，并由身份中心性介导（研究5）。最后，研究6发现这种积极偏差并不适用于他人评定的真实性：相对于混合或消极的自我呈现，表现出过度积极自我的人在他人看来似乎不太真实。综合来看，这些发现表明，通过积极的自我错觉而变得“不真实”，却可能反常地让人感觉更真实。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2023美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
