Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Kochi Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Kochi, Japan.
Acta Paediatr. 2024 Jan;113(1):119-126. doi: 10.1111/apa.16998. Epub 2023 Oct 19.
While associations between vitamin D deficiency and neurodevelopmental disorders have been found, large studies on child vitamin D, neurodevelopment, and sex differences among the general population are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the association between child serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)) levels and neurodevelopmental problems (NDPs).
Serum 25(OH)D and NDPs were measured at age two among the subcohort study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study. NDPs were assessed with the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development 2001 (Kyoto scale). Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for the Kyoto-scale developmental quotient scores <70 were calculated, for postural-motor, cognitive-adaptive, and language-social domains and overall scores, adjusted for test month, latitude, small for gestational age, maternal age, and daycare attendance.
Among 2363 boys and 2290 girls, boys had higher 25(OH)D levels, but scored lower in the Kyoto scale. For boys in the vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) group, aORs of scoring the Kyoto-scale DQs <70 were 2.33 (p = 0.006) for overall DQs, 1.91 (p = 0.037) for cognitive-adaptive, and 1.69 (p = 0.024) for language-social domains. For girls, results were inconclusive.
Only boys showed a clear and cross-modal association between vitamin D deficiency and NDPs.
虽然已经发现维生素 D 缺乏与神经发育障碍之间存在关联，但缺乏针对一般人群中儿童维生素 D、神经发育和性别差异的大型研究。本研究旨在调查儿童血清 25-羟维生素 D（25(OH)D）水平与神经发育问题（NDPs）之间的关系。
在日本环境与儿童研究的子队列研究中，在 2 岁时测量血清 25(OH)D 和 NDPs。使用京都心理发展量表 2001 版（京都量表）评估 NDPs。计算了姿势-运动、认知-适应和语言-社会领域以及总分的京都量表发育商数 <70 的调整优势比（aOR），调整了测试月份、纬度、小于胎龄、母亲年龄和日托出勤率。
在 2363 名男孩和 2290 名女孩中，男孩的 25(OH)D 水平较高，但在京都量表中的得分较低。对于维生素 D 缺乏（<20ng/mL）组的男孩，京都量表总 DQ<70 的 aOR 为 2.33（p=0.006），认知-适应为 1.91（p=0.037），语言-社会领域为 1.69（p=0.024）。对于女孩，结果尚无定论。
只有男孩表现出维生素 D 缺乏与 NDPs 之间明确的跨模态关联。
