Mudenda Steward, Bumbangi Flavien Nsoni, Yamba Kaunda, Munyeme Musso, Malama Sydney, Mukosha Moses, Hadunka Mwendalubi Albert, Daka Victor, Matafwali Scott Kaba, Siluchali Godfrey, Mainda Geoffrey, Mukuma Mercy, Hang'ombe Bernard Mudenda, Muma John Bwalya
Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
Vet World. 2023 Sep;16(9):1803-1814. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1803-1814. Epub 2023 Sep 14.
Inappropriate use of antimicrobials exacerbates antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the poultry sector. Information on factors driving AMR in the layer poultry sector is scarce in Zambia. This study examined the drivers of AMR in the layer poultry sector in the Lusaka and Copperbelt Provinces of Zambia.
This cross-sectional study employed a structured questionnaire in 77 layer poultry farms in the provinces of Lusaka and Copperbelt, Zambia, from September 2020 to April 2021. Data analysis was conducted using Stata version 16.1. Antimicrobial resistance was defined as the presence of multidrug resistance (MDR) isolates. Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify drivers of AMR.
In total, 365 samples were collected, from which 339 (92.9%) and 308 (84.4%) spp. were isolated. Multidrug resistance was identified in 39% of the and 86% of the spp. The overall prevalence of AMR in layer poultry farms was 51.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 40.3%-63.5%). Large-scale farmers (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.04%-0.99%) than small-scale and farmers who were aware of AMR than those who were unaware (AOR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.08%-0.86%) were less likely to experience AMR problems.
This study found a high prevalence of AMR in layer poultry farming linked to the type of farm management practices and lack of AMR awareness. Evidence of high MDR in our study is of public health concern and requires urgent attention. Educational interventions must increase AMR awareness, especially among small- and medium-scale poultry farmers.
抗菌药物的不当使用加剧了家禽业的抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）。赞比亚关于蛋鸡养殖行业中AMR驱动因素的信息匮乏。本研究调查了赞比亚卢萨卡省和铜带省蛋鸡养殖行业中AMR的驱动因素。
本横断面研究于2020年9月至2021年4月期间，在赞比亚卢萨卡省和铜带省的77个蛋鸡养殖场使用结构化问卷进行调查。使用Stata 16.1版进行数据分析。抗菌药物耐药性定义为存在多重耐药（MDR）分离株。采用多变量回归分析来确定AMR的驱动因素。
共收集了365份样本，从中分离出339株（92.9%）和308株（84.4%）菌种。在39%的菌种和86%的菌种中鉴定出多重耐药性。蛋鸡养殖场中AMR的总体患病率为51.7%（95%置信区间[CI]：40.3%-63.5%）。大规模养殖户（调整优势比[AOR]=0.20，95%CI：0.04%-0.99%）比小规模养殖户以及了解AMR的养殖户比不了解的养殖户（AOR=0.26，95%CI：0.08%-0.86%）出现AMR问题的可能性更小。
本研究发现蛋鸡养殖中AMR的患病率很高，这与养殖管理方式类型以及缺乏AMR意识有关。我们研究中高多重耐药性的证据令人担忧公共卫生问题，需要紧急关注。教育干预措施必须提高AMR意识，尤其是在中小型家禽养殖户中。
