Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, China.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023 Oct 4;13:1273813. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1273813. eCollection 2023.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized particles released from cells into the extracellular environment, and are separated from eukaryotic cells, bacteria, and other organisms with cellular structures. EVs alter cell communication by delivering their contents and performing various functions depending on their cargo and release into certain environments or other cells. The cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer and were previously thought to be unable to produce EVs. However, recent studies have demonstrated that Gram-positive bacterial EVs are crucial for health and disease. In this review, we have summarized the formation, composition, and characteristics of the contents, resistance to external stress, participation in immune regulation, and other functions of Gram-positive bacterial EVs, as well as their application in clinical diagnosis and treatment, to provide a new perspective to further our understanding of Gram-positive bacterial EVs.
细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 是从细胞释放到细胞外环境的纳米大小的颗粒，与真核细胞、细菌和其他具有细胞结构的生物体分离。EVs 通过传递其内容物并根据其货物和释放到特定环境或其他细胞中的不同功能来改变细胞间的通讯。革兰氏阳性菌的细胞壁具有厚厚的肽聚糖层，以前被认为无法产生 EVs。然而，最近的研究表明，革兰氏阳性菌的 EVs 对健康和疾病至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们总结了革兰氏阳性菌 EVs 的形成、组成和内容物的特征、对外界压力的抵抗力、参与免疫调节等功能，以及它们在临床诊断和治疗中的应用，为进一步了解革兰氏阳性菌 EVs 提供了新的视角。
