Dai Ke, Liao Bo, Huang Xiaotian, Liu Qiong
Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
First Clinical Medical College, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
Extracell Vesicles Circ Nucl Acids. 2025 Jan 17;6(1):1-20. doi: 10.20517/evcna.2024.76. eCollection 2025.
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are naturally occurring functional structures that play critical roles in bacterial life processes. These vesicles, commonly known as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), were first found to be released by Gram-negative bacteria; however, it has since been confirmed that Gram-positive bacteria also secrete BEVs. As research advances, BEVs are increasingly utilized in diverse applications, including vaccine development and drug delivery. Nevertheless, the effective employment of BEVs in these contexts requires the acquisition of vesicles with consistent properties and functions through appropriate culture, isolation, and purification methods. This review examines the advantages and disadvantages of various purification techniques alongside the heterogeneity they may introduce. We utilize the heterogeneity of BEVs as a framework to critically analyze the barriers to their application and the factors influencing their characteristics. Additionally, we constructively propose solutions to enhance the consistency of BEVs, thereby facilitating their further development and application.
细菌细胞外囊泡（BEVs）是天然存在的功能结构，在细菌生命过程中发挥着关键作用。这些囊泡通常被称为外膜囊泡（OMVs），最初被发现由革兰氏阴性菌释放；然而，后来已证实革兰氏阳性菌也分泌BEVs。随着研究的进展，BEVs越来越多地用于各种应用，包括疫苗开发和药物递送。然而，要在这些情况下有效利用BEVs，需要通过适当的培养、分离和纯化方法获得具有一致特性和功能的囊泡。本综述探讨了各种纯化技术的优缺点以及它们可能带来的异质性。我们将BEVs的异质性作为一个框架，批判性地分析其应用的障碍以及影响其特性的因素。此外，我们建设性地提出提高BEVs一致性的解决方案，从而促进其进一步发展和应用。
