Institute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
School of Economics and Management, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China.
J Environ Manage. 2023 Dec 15;348:119299. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119299. Epub 2023 Oct 18.
In this paper, we solve the urgent problem to construct a recycling network of decommissioned batteries of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and clarify the recycling entities that will be responsible for its reverse logistics (RL) process. We consider the third-party recycling entities to develop a recycling network and conduct a case-study of Xi'an, a key industry of EVs in China to provide a reference for the government and enterprises to develop recycling plans. We scientifically optimize our recycling network, which will have a significant impact on the environmental and economic benefits of electric vehicles (EVs) in Xi'an in the future. Specifically, we consider the costs of transportation, construction, operation, recycling, packaging, and emission, as well as the profits achieved through sales revenue and subsidy offerings. We collect the actual data of potential facility locations in Xi'an, predict the quantity of decommissioned batteries in the future, and develop a fuzzy-based model to solve the optimal results of battery traveling path and distribution in the recycling process network. Our results show that with the rapid growth of the number of decommissioned batteries, third-party revenues will reach about 53.08 billion by 2035. When the facilities split the recycling process load appropriately, the network has increase in revenue while the utilization rate of facilities will decrease. We expect that splitting will be a major trend in the future development of recycling network in Xi'an. Finally, a sensitivity analysis finds that with the environmentally conscious and safe operation of recycling, the negative impact on the third-party enterprises' revenue will be small. Our proposed methodology can serve as a critical framework for other cities and governments to plan their recycling networks and formulate regulations, reflecting on the realistic projection of the scale of decommissioned batteries of EVs and the potential siting and sizing of the recycling facilities.
在本文中，我们解决了构建电动汽车 (EV) 退役电池回收网络的紧迫问题，并明确了负责其逆向物流 (RL) 过程的回收实体。我们考虑第三方回收实体来开发回收网络，并对中国电动汽车关键产业西安市进行案例研究，为政府和企业制定回收计划提供参考。我们科学地优化了我们的回收网络，这将对未来西安市电动汽车的环境和经济效益产生重大影响。具体而言，我们考虑了运输、建设、运营、回收、包装和排放成本，以及通过销售收入和补贴获得的利润。我们收集了西安市潜在设施位置的实际数据，预测了未来退役电池的数量，并开发了一个基于模糊的模型，以解决回收过程网络中电池行驶路径和分布的最优结果。我们的结果表明，随着退役电池数量的快速增长，到 2035 年第三方收入将达到约 530.8 亿元。当设施适当分担回收过程的负载时，网络的收入会增加，而设施的利用率会降低。我们预计，拆分将是西安市未来回收网络发展的主要趋势。最后，敏感性分析发现，随着回收的环保意识和安全运营，对第三方企业收入的负面影响将很小。我们提出的方法可以作为其他城市和政府规划回收网络和制定法规的重要框架，反映了电动汽车退役电池规模的现实预测和回收设施的潜在选址和规模。
