Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
Bioresour Technol. 2023 Dec;390:129861. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129861. Epub 2023 Oct 18.
Fate of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during composting of antibiotic fermentation waste (AFW) is a major concern. This review article focuses on recent literature published on this subject. The key findings are that antibiotics can be removed effectively during AFW composting, with higher temperatures, appropriate bulking agents, and suitable pretreatments improving their degradation. ARGs dynamics during composting are related to bacteria and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Higher temperatures, suitable bulking agents and an appropriate C/N ratio (30:1) lead to more efficient removal of ARGs/MGEs by shaping the bacterial composition. Keeping materials dry (moisture less than 30%) and maintaining pH stable around 7.5 after composting could inhibit the rebound of ARGs. Overall, safer utilization of AFW can be realized by optimizing composting conditions. However, further removal of antibiotics and ARGs at low levels, degradation mechanism of antibiotics, and spread mechanism of ARGs during AFW composting require further investigation.
抗生素和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）在抗生素发酵废物（AFW）堆肥过程中的命运是一个主要关注点。本文综述了该主题的最新文献。主要发现是，在 AFW 堆肥过程中可以有效地去除抗生素，较高的温度、适当的膨松剂和合适的预处理可以提高抗生素的降解。ARGs 在堆肥过程中的动态与细菌和移动遗传元件（MGEs）有关。较高的温度、适当的膨松剂和合适的 C/N 比（30:1）通过改变细菌组成，更有效地去除 ARGs/MGEs。保持物料干燥（含水量低于 30%）和堆肥后 pH 值稳定在 7.5 左右，可以抑制 ARGs 的反弹。总的来说，可以通过优化堆肥条件来实现更安全地利用 AFW。然而，需要进一步研究在低水平下进一步去除抗生素和 ARGs、抗生素的降解机制以及 ARGs 在 AFW 堆肥过程中的传播机制。
