Wang Tao, Luo Yuheng, Kong Xiangfeng, Fang Ling, Zhu Liping, Yu Bing, Zheng Ping, Huang Zhiqing, Mao Xiangbing, Jie Yu, Luo Junqiu, Yan Hui, He Jun
Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Microbiol Spectr. 2024 Nov 29;13(5):e0198324. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.01983-24.
Fecal matter is recognized as both a reservoir and a transmission source for various antimicrobial resistance genes (AMRGs). However, the transcriptional activity of AMRGs in swine feces is not well understood. In addition, the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on the excretion of AMRGs has rarely been reported. Our study explored the diversity, abundance, transcriptional activity, and bacterial hosts of AMRGs in Tibetan and Duroc pig feces using metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing technologies. We discovered a significantly higher genomic abundance of AMRGs in the feces of Duroc pigs compared to Tibetan pigs ( 0.001), although the transcript levels did not show a significant difference. The results showed that the core composition of AMRGs in pig feces varied considerably, with the most transcriptionally active AMRGs being , , , , and . Furthermore, the phylum is the main host of AMRGs. By transplanting fecal flora from Tibetan and Duroc pigs into the intestines of Duroc Landrace Yorkshire (DLY) piglets after acute antibiotic exposure, we found that only Tibetan pig fecal flora significantly reduced AMRGs in the feces of DLY piglets ( 0.05). The effectiveness of Tibetan pig fecal microorganisms in removing AMRGs from DLY pig feces was mainly influenced by microbial communities, especially the phylum. These findings offer valuable insights for the prevention and control of AMRG pollution.
To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first comprehensive analysis of antimicrobial resistance gene (AMRGs) expression in the fecal microbiota of Tibetan and Duroc pigs, employing an integrated metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approach. Our findings indicate a higher risk of AMRGs transmission in the feces of Duroc pigs compared to Tibetan pigs. Given the escalating antimicrobial resistance crisis, novel therapeutic interventions are imperative to mitigate gut colonization by pathogens and AMRGs. In this regard, we investigated the impact of fecal microbiota from Tibetan and Duroc pig sources on AMRGs excretion in Duroc Landrace Yorkshire (DLY) piglets' feces following acute antibiotic exposure. Remarkably, only fecal microbiota sourced from Tibetan pigs exhibited a reduction in AMRGs excretion in DLY piglets' feces. This underscores the significance of evaluating the presence of AMRGs within donor fecal microbiota for effective AMRGs decolonization strategies.
粪便被认为是各种抗微生物耐药基因（AMRGs）的储存库和传播源。然而，猪粪便中AMRGs的转录活性尚不清楚。此外，粪便微生物群移植（FMT）对AMRGs排泄的影响鲜有报道。我们的研究使用宏基因组和宏转录组测序技术，探索了藏猪和杜洛克猪粪便中AMRGs的多样性、丰度、转录活性和细菌宿主。我们发现，与藏猪相比，杜洛克猪粪便中AMRGs的基因组丰度显著更高（P<0.001），尽管转录水平没有显著差异。结果表明，猪粪便中AMRGs的核心组成差异很大，转录活性最高的AMRGs是blaTEM、blaCTX-M、tetA、tetC和ermB。此外，厚壁菌门是AMRGs的主要宿主。通过在急性抗生素暴露后将藏猪和杜洛克猪的粪便菌群移植到杜洛克-长白-约克夏（DLY）仔猪的肠道中，我们发现只有藏猪粪便菌群显著降低了DLY仔猪粪便中的AMRGs（P<0.05）。藏猪粪便微生物在去除DLY猪粪便中AMRGs方面的有效性主要受微生物群落影响，尤其是厚壁菌门。这些发现为AMRG污染的预防和控制提供了有价值的见解。
据我们所知，本研究首次采用宏基因组和宏转录组综合方法，对藏猪和杜洛克猪粪便微生物群中的抗微生物耐药基因（AMRGs）表达进行了全面分析。我们的研究结果表明，与藏猪相比，杜洛克猪粪便中AMRGs传播的风险更高。鉴于抗微生物耐药性危机不断升级，必须采取新的治疗干预措施，以减轻病原体和AMRGs在肠道的定植。在这方面，我们研究了藏猪和杜洛克猪来源的粪便微生物群对急性抗生素暴露后杜洛克-长白-约克夏（DLY）仔猪粪便中AMRGs排泄的影响。值得注意的是，只有来自藏猪的粪便微生物群使DLY仔猪粪便中的AMRGs排泄减少。这突出了在有效的AMRGs去定植策略中评估供体粪便微生物群中AMRGs存在情况的重要性。
