Schachtman Rebecca, Gallegos Jonathan, Kaiser Cheryl R
University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2025 Jun;51(6):1007-1029. doi: 10.1177/01461672231203290. Epub 2023 Oct 21.
Bystander intervention is a powerful response to sexual harassment that reduces victims' burden to respond. However, gender prototypes depicting sexual harassment victims as prototypical women (i.e., stereotypically feminine) may hinder intervention when harassment targets women who deviate from this prototype. Across four preregistered experiments ( = 1,270 Americans), we test whether bystanders intervene less readily in nonprototypical (vs. prototypical) women's sexual harassment. Participants observed a man manager ask a series of increasingly sexually harassing job interview questions toward either a gender prototypical or nonprototypical woman by traits (Studies 1-3) or gender identity (Study 4). Participants were instructed to intervene to stop the interview if/when they judged the questions as inappropriate. A meta-analysis revealed participants had a greater threshold for intervention when harassment targeted a nonprototypical (vs. prototypical) woman-a small but meaningful effect. Efforts to foster bystander intervention in sexual harassment would benefit by recognizing this neglect of nonprototypical women.
旁观者干预是应对性骚扰的有力措施，可减轻受害者的回应负担。然而，将性骚扰受害者描绘成典型女性（即具有刻板女性特质）的性别原型，可能会在骚扰目标是偏离此原型的女性时阻碍干预行为。在四项预先注册的实验中（N = 1270名美国人），我们测试了旁观者对非典型（相对于典型）女性遭受性骚扰的干预是否不那么积极。参与者观察一名男性经理向一名在特质上（研究1 - 3）或性别认同上（研究4）符合或不符合性别原型的女性提出一系列越来越具性骚扰性质的求职面试问题。参与者被指示，如果他们判断这些问题不合适，要进行干预以停止面试。一项荟萃分析显示，当骚扰目标是不符合原型的女性时，参与者进行干预的阈值更高——这是一个虽小但有意义的影响。认识到对非典型女性的这种忽视，将有助于促进旁观者对性骚扰进行干预。
