Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Engineering Research Centre of Assistive Technology for Visual Impairment, Fujian Province University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China.
Group of Neuroendocrinology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Sydney, Australia.
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2024 Mar;262(3):983-990. doi: 10.1007/s00417-023-06276-x. Epub 2023 Oct 21.
Myopia, a common ophthalmic disorder, places a high economic burden on individuals and society. Genetic and environmental factors influence myopia progression; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unelucidated. This paper reviews recent advances in circadian rhythm, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), and dopamine (DA) signalling in myopia and proposes the hypothesis of a circadian rhythm brain retinal circuit in myopia progression. The search of relevant English articles was conducted in the PubMed databases until June 2023. Based on the search, emerging evidence indicated that circadian rhythm was associated with myopia, including circadian genes Bmal1, Cycle, and Per. In both humans and animals, the ocular morphology and physiology show rhythmic oscillations. Theoretically, such ocular rhythms are regulated locally and indirectly via the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which receives signal from the ipRGCs. Compared with the conventional retinal ganglion cells, ipRGCs can sense the presence of light because of specific expression of melanopsin. Light, together with ipRGCs and DA signalling, plays a crucial role in both circadian rhythm and myopia. In summary, regarding myopia progression, a circadian rhythm brain retinal circuit involving ipRGCs and DA signalling has not been well established. However, based on the relationship between circadian rhythm, ipRGCs, and DA signalling in myopia, we hypothesised a circadian rhythm brain retinal circuit.
近视是一种常见的眼部疾病，给个人和社会带来了沉重的经济负担。遗传和环境因素都会影响近视的进展，但潜在的机制尚不清楚。本文综述了近年来关于昼夜节律、内在感光视网膜神经节细胞（ipRGCs）和多巴胺（DA）信号在近视中的作用的最新进展，并提出了昼夜节律脑视网膜环路在近视进展中的假说。检索了 2023 年 6 月之前在 PubMed 数据库中发表的相关英文文章。基于检索结果，越来越多的证据表明昼夜节律与近视有关，包括昼夜节律基因 Bmal1、Cycle 和 Per。在人类和动物中，眼球形态和生理学都表现出昼夜节律性波动。理论上，这种眼部节律是通过视交叉上核局部和间接调节的，视交叉上核接收来自 ipRGCs 的信号。与传统的视网膜神经节细胞相比，ipRGCs 可以通过特异性表达黑视蛋白来感知光的存在。光、ipRGCs 和 DA 信号在昼夜节律和近视中都起着至关重要的作用。综上所述，尽管昼夜节律脑视网膜环路在近视进展中的作用尚未得到充分证实，但基于昼夜节律、ipRGCs 和 DA 信号在近视中的关系，我们提出了一个昼夜节律脑视网膜环路的假说。
