Correa Kelly A, Delfel Everett L, Wallace Alexander L, Iii William E Pelham, Jacobus Joanna
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
San Diego State University/University of California (SDSU/UC) San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, United States.
Front Psychiatry. 2023 Oct 6;14:1251032. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1251032. eCollection 2023.
Elevated levels of behavioral inhibition (BI) may connote risk for both anxiety and substance use disorders. BI has consistently been shown to be associated with increased levels of anxiety, while the association between BI and substance use has been mixed. It is possible that the relationship between BI and substance use varies by individual difference factors. Hispanic/Latinx (H/L) youth in particular may have stronger relationships between BI, anxiety, and substance use.
The present study therefore evaluated (1) the prospective relationships between BI [assessed via self-reported behavioral inhibition system (BIS) scale scores], anxiety, and substance use in youth ( = 11,876) across baseline, 1-, and 2-year follow-ups of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (ages 9-12) and (2) whether these relationships differed by H/L ethnicity while covarying for average behavioral approach system scores, race, sex, age, highest parental income, highest parental education, and past-year substance use (for analyses involving substance use outcomes).
Baseline levels of BIS scores predicted increased anxiety symptoms at both 1- and 2-year follow-ups and did not differ by H/L ethnicity. Baseline levels of BIS scores also prospectively predicted increased likelihood of substance use at 2-year follow-up, but only for H/L youth and not at 1-year follow-up.
High scores on the BIS scale contribute risk to anxiety across ethnicities and may uniquely contribute to risk for substance use in H/L youth.
行为抑制（BI）水平升高可能意味着焦虑症和物质使用障碍的风险。一直以来，BI都与焦虑水平的升高有关，而BI与物质使用之间的关联则较为复杂。BI与物质使用之间的关系可能因个体差异因素而有所不同。特别是西班牙裔/拉丁裔（H/L）青少年，BI、焦虑和物质使用之间可能存在更强的关系。
因此，本研究评估了（1）在青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD）研究（9至12岁）的基线、1年和2年随访中，青少年（n = 11,876）的BI[通过自我报告的行为抑制系统（BIS）量表得分评估]、焦虑和物质使用之间的前瞻性关系，以及（2）在考虑平均行为趋近系统得分、种族、性别、年龄、父母最高收入、父母最高教育程度和过去一年的物质使用情况（用于涉及物质使用结果的分析）时，这些关系是否因H/L种族而有所不同。
BIS得分的基线水平预测了1年和2年随访时焦虑症状的增加，且在H/L种族之间没有差异。BIS得分的基线水平还前瞻性地预测了2年随访时物质使用可能性的增加，但仅适用于H/L青少年，在1年随访时则没有。
BIS量表上的高分在各民族中都会增加焦虑风险，并且可能独特地增加H/L青少年的物质使用风险。
