Savage Jeanne E, Dick Danielle M
Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Present Address: Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Present address: Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Addict Behav. 2023 Jan;136:107461. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107461. Epub 2022 Aug 27.
Several typologies have proposed two etiological pathways involved in the development of alcohol misuse which are associated with the internalizing and externalizing domains of psychopathology, respectively. This study's aim was to investigate this typology in a young adult sample, and test whether drinking motives, specifically drinking for negative or positive reinforcement, may provide a plausible mechanism characterizing these pathways.
Mixture modeling was conducted on a set of internalizing (anxiety, depression, neuroticism), externalizing (antisocial behavior, conscientiousness, sensation seeking, drug use), and alcohol misuse items (binge drinking, alcohol use disorder symptoms [AUDsx]) measured by self-report in a sample of 9,807 college students. Linear regression and chi-square tests were used to determine how latent class membership was associated with drinking motives, demographics, and personality characteristics.
The model identified 3 latent classes: a Low Risk class (70%), an Internalizing class (19%) with elevated levels of internalizing traits/symptoms and AUDsx, and an Externalizing class (10%) with elevated levels of externalizing traits/symptoms and both binge drinking and AUDsx. All drinking motives were substantially elevated in the Internalizing and Externalizing (vs Low Risk) classes (p < 3.0E-10), while positive reinforcement motives were specifically elevated in the Externalizing (vs Internalizing) class (p < 2.0E-55). Personality comparisons further emphasized the relevance of class distinctions.
These findings provide additional support for both a specific internalizing and a broadband externalizing association with subtypes of alcohol misuse. Drinking motives may be useful intermediate indicators of these different risk processes.
几种类型学提出了两条与酒精滥用发展相关的病因途径，分别与精神病理学的内化和外化领域相关。本研究的目的是在年轻成人样本中研究这种类型学，并测试饮酒动机，特别是为了消极或积极强化而饮酒，是否可能提供一种表征这些途径的合理机制。
对9807名大学生样本中通过自我报告测量的一组内化项目（焦虑、抑郁、神经质）、外化项目（反社会行为、尽责性、寻求刺激、药物使用）和酒精滥用项目（暴饮、酒精使用障碍症状[AUDsx]）进行混合建模。使用线性回归和卡方检验来确定潜在类别成员身份与饮酒动机、人口统计学和人格特征之间的关联。
该模型识别出3个潜在类别：低风险类别（70%）、内化类别（19%），其内化特质/症状和AUDsx水平升高，以及外化类别（10%），其外化特质/症状水平升高，且存在暴饮和AUDsx。在内化和外化（与低风险）类别中，所有饮酒动机均显著升高（p < 3.0E - 10），而积极强化动机在外化（与内化）类别中尤其升高（p < 2.0E - 55）。人格比较进一步强调了类别区分的相关性。
这些发现为酒精滥用亚型与特定内化和广泛外化之间的关联提供了额外支持。饮酒动机可能是这些不同风险过程的有用中间指标。
