Brunetti Andrés E, Lyra Mariana L, Bauermeister Anelize, Bunk Boyke, Boedeker Christian, Müsken Mathias, Neto Fausto Carnevale, Mendonça Jacqueline Nakau, Caraballo-Rodríguez Andrés Mauricio, Melo Weilan G P, Pupo Mônica T, Haddad Célio F B, Cabrera Gabriela M, Overmann Jörg, Lopes Norberto P
Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS, UNaM-CONICET), Posadas, Misiones N3300LQH, Argentina.
NPPNS, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil.
iScience. 2023 Oct 4;26(11):108109. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108109. eCollection 2023 Nov 17.
The host-microbiome associations occurring on the skin of vertebrates significantly influence hosts' health. However, the factors mediating their interactions remain largely unknown. Herein, we used integrated technical and ecological frameworks to investigate the skin metabolites sustaining a beneficial symbiosis between tree frogs and bacteria. We characterize macrocyclic acylcarnitines as the major metabolites secreted by the frogs' skin and trace their origin to an enzymatic unbalance of carnitine palmitoyltransferases. We found that these compounds colocalize with bacteria on the skin surface and are mostly represented by members of the community. We showed that sp. MPFS isolated from frogs' skin can exploit acylcarnitines as its sole carbon and nitrogen source, and this metabolic capability is widespread in . We summarize frogs' multiple mechanisms to filter environmental bacteria and highlight that acylcarnitines likely evolved for another function but were co-opted to provide nutritional benefits to the symbionts.
脊椎动物皮肤上发生的宿主-微生物组关联显著影响宿主健康。然而，介导它们相互作用的因素在很大程度上仍不清楚。在此，我们使用综合技术和生态框架来研究维持树蛙与细菌之间有益共生关系的皮肤代谢物。我们将大环酰基肉碱表征为青蛙皮肤分泌的主要代谢物，并追踪其起源于肉碱棕榈酰转移酶的酶失衡。我们发现这些化合物与皮肤表面的细菌共定位，并且主要由该群落的成员代表。我们表明，从青蛙皮肤分离出的MPFS菌可以利用酰基肉碱作为其唯一的碳源和氮源，并且这种代谢能力在该菌中广泛存在。我们总结了青蛙过滤环境细菌的多种机制，并强调酰基肉碱可能是为另一种功能而进化，但后来被用于为共生体提供营养益处。
