Leggio Loredana, Paternò Greta, Vivarelli Silvia, Bonasera Aurelio, Pignataro Bruno, Iraci Nunzio, Arrabito Giuseppe
Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Imaging, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
iScience. 2023 Sep 30;26(11):108105. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108105. eCollection 2023 Nov 17.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent pivotal mediators in cell-to-cell communication. They are lipid-membranous carriers of several biomolecules, which can be produced by almost all cells. In the current of precision medicine, EVs gained growing attention thanks to their potential in both biomarker discovery and nanotherapeutics applications. However, current technical limitations in isolating and/or detecting EVs restrain their standard use in clinics. This review explores all the state-of-the-art analytical technologies which are currently overcoming these issues. On one end, several innovative optical-, electrical-, and spectroscopy-based detection methods represent advantageous label-free methodologies for faster EV detection. On the other end, microfluidics-based lab-on-a-chip tools support EV purification from low-concentrated samples. Altogether, these technologies will strengthen the routine application of EVs in clinics.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是细胞间通讯的关键介质。它们是多种生物分子的脂质膜载体，几乎所有细胞都能产生。在精准医学时代，EVs因其在生物标志物发现和纳米治疗应用方面的潜力而受到越来越多的关注。然而，目前在分离和/或检测EVs方面的技术限制阻碍了它们在临床中的标准化应用。本综述探讨了目前正在克服这些问题的所有先进分析技术。一方面，几种基于光学、电学和光谱学的创新检测方法是用于更快检测EVs的有利的无标记方法。另一方面，基于微流控的芯片实验室工具支持从低浓度样品中纯化EVs。总之，这些技术将加强EVs在临床中的常规应用。
