Liu Wei, Xu Zhi-Wei, Wang Rui, Zhao Yu, Jia Qiong
College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130017, China.
College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
Se Pu. 2023 Oct;41(10):891-900. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2023.08003.
Mycotoxins are a class of toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi. These substances are carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic, and cause serious harm to the human body; thus, they have attracted wide attention worldwide. Establishing accurate, rapid, and sensitive methods for the detection of mycotoxins is of great significance. Chromatography is a commonly used technology for mycotoxin detection. However, it is challenging to use in the direct analysis of these metabolites because of the wide variety and distribution of mycotoxins, their complex sample matrix, and their very low content in actual samples. Therefore, the development of suitable sample pretreatment methods for the efficient separation and enrichment of mycotoxins is necessary. In recent years, porous organic framework materials, which are represented by metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), have been widely applied in the sample pretreatment of mycotoxins owing to their many advantages, which include a large specific surface area, high porosity, adjustable pore size, diverse frame structures, uniform active site distribution, and modifiable structures. In addition, MOF/COF materials feature excellent fluorescence and electrochemical properties, rendering them highly suitable for mycotoxin analysis and sensing. In this article, the recent applications of MOF/COF materials in conventional sample pretreatment methods (e. g., solid-phase extraction, dispersive solid-phase extraction, magnetic solid-phase extraction, and immunomagnetic bead separation) for mycotoxin separation and enrichment are reviewed. Research on the use of MOF/COF materials for the fluorescence and electrochemical sensing of mycotoxins is also summarized. Finally, the existing challenges and future development trends of these materials are discussed and prospected to provide a reference for future research on the applications of MOF/COF materials in mycotoxin detection and analysis.
霉菌毒素是一类由真菌产生的有毒次生代谢产物。这些物质具有致癌、致畸和致突变性，对人体造成严重危害；因此，它们在全球范围内引起了广泛关注。建立准确、快速、灵敏的霉菌毒素检测方法具有重要意义。色谱法是霉菌毒素检测常用的技术。然而，由于霉菌毒素种类繁多、分布广泛、样品基质复杂以及实际样品中含量极低，直接分析这些代谢产物具有挑战性。因此，开发合适的样品预处理方法以有效分离和富集霉菌毒素是必要的。近年来，以金属有机框架材料（MOFs）和共价有机框架材料（COFs）为代表的多孔有机框架材料，因其具有比表面积大、孔隙率高、孔径可调、框架结构多样、活性位点分布均匀以及结构可修饰等诸多优点，已被广泛应用于霉菌毒素的样品预处理。此外，MOF/COF材料具有优异的荧光和电化学性质，使其非常适合霉菌毒素的分析和传感。本文综述了MOF/COF材料在常规样品预处理方法（如固相萃取、分散固相萃取、磁性固相萃取和免疫磁珠分离）中用于霉菌毒素分离和富集的最新应用。还总结了MOF/COF材料用于霉菌毒素荧光和电化学传感的研究。最后，讨论并展望了这些材料存在的挑战和未来发展趋势，为未来MOF/COF材料在霉菌毒素检测与分析中的应用研究提供参考。
