Cai S, Chen Z Y, Zhang Y H, Zhang Y, Jiang J N, Liu Y F, Dang J J, Zhong P L, Shi D, Dong Y H, Hu P J, Zhu G R, Ma J, Song Y
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University/School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2023 Oct 10;44(10):1552-1557. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230408-00222.
To describe the status of physical fitness of children and adolescents aged 13-18 years in China in 2019 and analyze its association with psychological distress. Data were drawn from the 2019 Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health, and 90 633 Han children and adolescents aged 13-18 years were included. Physical fitness was evaluated by "National Students Constitutional Health Standards" (2014 revised edition). Psychological distress was classified according to the scores of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale: ≤19, 20-24, 25-29, and ≥30 scores indicated no, mild, moderate, and severe psychological distress, respectively, with moderate and severe psychological distress collectively referred to as high psychological distress. The test was used to compare the distribution differences between boys and girls, the Cochran-Armitage test was used to analyze the trend, and the multinomial logistic regression in the mixed effect model was established to analyze the association between physical fitness and psychological distress. In 2019, the unqualified rate of physical fitness among children and adolescents aged 13-18 years in China was 17.2%, and the prevalence of excellent and good physical fitness was 18.2%, which was lower among boys (15.9%) than girls (20.5%) with a statistically significant difference (<0.05). The excellent and good physical fitness rate showed a significantly decreasing trend with age (trend test <0.05). The rate of high psychological distress among children and adolescents aged 13-18 years in China in 2019 was 39.3%, with boys (37.0%) having a lower prevalence than girls (41.6%), supported by a statistically significant difference (<0.05), and a decreasing trend with the degree of physical fitness was observed both in boys and girls (trend test <0.05). The multinomial logistic regression model showed that the prevalence of moderate (=0.83, 95%: 0.79-0.88, <0.001) and severe (=0.81, 95%: 0.77-0.86, <0.001) psychological distress were both lower in children and adolescents with excellent and good physical fitness. The status of physical fitness and psychological distress of Chinese children and adolescents aged 13-18 in 2019 was not optimistic, with physical fitness showing a significantly negative association with psychological distress.
描述2019年中国13 - 18岁儿童青少年的身体素质状况，并分析其与心理困扰的关联。数据来源于2019年中国国家学生体质与健康调查，纳入了90633名13 - 18岁的汉族儿童青少年。身体素质通过《国家学生体质健康标准》（2014年修订版）进行评估。心理困扰根据凯斯勒心理困扰量表的得分进行分类：得分≤19、20 - 24、25 - 29和≥30分别表示无、轻度、中度和重度心理困扰，中度和重度心理困扰统称为高心理困扰。采用检验比较男女生之间的分布差异，采用 Cochr an - Armitage检验分析趋势，并建立混合效应模型中的多项逻辑回归分析身体素质与心理困扰之间的关联。2019年，中国13 - 18岁儿童青少年身体素质不合格率为17.2%，优良身体素质患病率为18.2%，其中男生（15.9%）低于女生（20.5%），差异有统计学意义（<0.05）。优良身体素质率随年龄呈显著下降趋势（趋势检验<0.05）。2019年中国13 - 18岁儿童青少年高心理困扰率为39.3%，男生（37.0%）患病率低于女生（41.6%），差异有统计学意义（<0.05），且男女生均观察到心理困扰程度随身体素质下降的趋势（趋势检验<0.05）。多项逻辑回归模型显示，身体素质优良的儿童青少年中度（=0.83，95%：0.79 - 0.88，<0.001）和重度（=0.81，95%：0.77 - 0.86，<0.001）心理困扰的患病率均较低。2019年中国13 - 18岁儿童青少年的身体素质和心理困扰状况不容乐观，身体素质与心理困扰呈显著负相关。
