[2000 - 2019年中国7 - 18岁儿童青少年超重和肥胖的长期趋势]
[Secular trend in overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents of 7-18 years old during 2000-2019].
作者信息
Wang Yang, Yimiti Taerken Alimujiang
机构信息
Xinjiang Art Institute, Urumqi 830049, China.
Physical Education Department, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China.
出版信息
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2023 Jul;52(4):519-527. doi: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2023.04.001.
OBJECTIVE
To understand the current situation and trend of overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years from 2000 to 2019.
METHODS
The body mass index(BMI) data of 1 100 303 Han children and adolescents aged 7-18 years by national students fitness and health survey report in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2014 and 2019 were selected. The "1985 height standard weight method" was used to screen overweight and obesity, and the detection rate, growth rang and growth rate of overweight and obesity were calculated by sex and age. Statistical analysis was performed by t-test, general linear regression, chi square test, chi square trend test.
RESULTS
From 2000 to 2019, BMI of Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years showed an increasing trend(all P-trend< 0.001). The overweight rate of boys and girls increased from 9.42% and 7.23% in 2000 to 15.44% and 13.34% in 2019(χ(2 )linear trend = 2531.626 and 2955.485, all P<0.001). The obesity rate increased from 6.57% and 3.43% in 2000 to 18.41% and 10.23% in 2019(χ2 linear trend = 9101.419 and 5300.488, all P<0.001). The obesity rate of boys and girls at different ages in each year was statistically significant(all P<0.001). From 2000 to 2014, the growth rate of overweight rate of boys and girls continued to increase, reaching the maximum growth rate of 0.52%/year and 0.50%/year from 2010 to 2014, and then dropped to 0.09%/year and 0.29%/year in 2019. From 2014 to 2019, the growth rate of obesity of boys and girls(0.70%/year for boys and 0.51%/year for girls) was slightly lower than the maximum value from 2010 to 2014(0.92%/year for boys and 0.58%/year for girls), but still higher than that before 2010. From the perspective of age, the growth rate of overweight rate of boys and girls in the low age group decreased significantly, but the growth rate of obesity rate in the high age group increased significantly, and obesity showed a trend of changing from low age to old age.
CONCLUSION
The detection rate of overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents continued to increase from 2000 to 2019, and the growth rate from 2014 to 2019 was less than the maximum value reached in 2010 to 2014. From 2014 to 2019, the overweight of boys and girls in the low age group was effectively suppressed, and the obesity rate of boys and girls in the high age group accelerated, it is not optimistic.
目的
了解2000—2019年中国7~18岁儿童青少年超重肥胖的现状及变化趋势。
方法
选取2000、2005、2010、2014和2019年全国学生体质与健康调研中1100303名7~18岁汉族儿童青少年的体质指数（BMI）数据，采用“1985身高标准体重法”筛查超重肥胖，计算不同性别、年龄超重肥胖检出率、变化幅度及增长率。采用t检验、一般线性回归、χ²检验、χ²趋势检验进行统计分析。
结果
2000—2019年，中国7~18岁儿童青少年BMI呈上升趋势（所有P趋势<0.001）。男生和女生超重率分别从2000年的9.42%和7.23%上升至2019年的15.44%和13.34%（χ²线性趋势=2531.626和2955.485，P均<0.001）。肥胖率分别从2000年的6.57%和3.43%上升至2019年的18.41%和10.23%（χ²线性趋势=9101.419和5300.488，P均<0.001）。各年份不同年龄男生和女生肥胖率差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.001）。2000—2014年，男生和女生超重率增长率持续上升，2010—2014年达到最大值，分别为0.52%/年和0.50%/年，2019年降至0.09%/年和0.29%/年。2014—2019年，男生和女生肥胖率增长率（男生0.70%/年，女生0.51%/年）略低于2010—2014年最大值（男生0.92%/年，女生0.58%/年），但仍高于2010年以前。从年龄来看，低年龄组男生和女生超重率增长率显著下降，高年龄组肥胖率增长率显著上升，肥胖呈现低龄化向高龄化转变趋势。
结论
2000—2019年中国儿童青少年超重肥胖检出率持续上升，2014—2019年增长率低于2010—2014年达到的最大值。2014—2019年，低年龄组男生和女生超重得到有效遏制，高年龄组男生和女生肥胖率加速上升，不容乐观。
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