Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, Vila Real, 5000-801, Portugal.
CECAV, Centre for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science - AL4AnimalS, University of Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.
BMC Vet Res. 2023 Oct 24;19(1):222. doi: 10.1186/s12917-023-03777-z.
Human and veterinary medicine have historically presented many medical areas of potential synergy and convergence. Mechanical osteoarthritis (MOA) is characterized by a gradual complex imbalance between cartilage production, loss, and derangement. Any joint instability that results in an abnormal overload of the joint surface can trigger MOA. As MOA has a prevailing mechanical aetiology, treatment effectiveness can only be accomplished if altered joint mechanics and mechanosensitive pathways are normalized and restored. Otherwise, the inflammatory cascade of osteoarthritis will be initiated, and the changes may become irreversible. The management of the disease using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics, physical therapy, diet changes, or nutraceuticals is conservative and less effective. MOA is a determinant factor for the development of hip dysplasia in both humans and dogs. Hip dysplasia is a hereditary disease with a high incidence and, therefore, of great clinical importance due to the associated discomfort and significant functional limitations. Furthermore, on account of analogous human and canine hip dysplasia disease and under the One Medicine concept, unifying veterinary and human research could improve the well-being and health of both species, increasing the acknowledgement of shared diseases. Great success has been accomplished in humans regarding preventive conservative management of hip dysplasia and following One Medicine concept, similar measures would benefit dogs. Moreover, animal models have long been used to better understand the different diseases' mechanisms. Current research in animal models was addressed and the role of rabbit models in pathophysiologic studies and of the dog as a spontaneous animal model were highlighted, denoting the inexistence of rabbit functional models to investigate therapeutic approaches in hip MOA.
人医和兽医在历史上呈现出许多具有潜在协同作用和趋同的医学领域。机械性骨关节炎（MOA）的特征是软骨产生、丧失和紊乱之间逐渐出现复杂的失衡。任何导致关节表面异常负重的关节不稳定都可能引发 MOA。由于 MOA 具有流行的机械病因，只有在改变关节力学和机械敏感途径正常化和恢复的情况下，才能实现治疗效果。否则，骨关节炎的炎症级联反应将被触发，且这些变化可能变得不可逆转。使用非甾体抗炎药、镇痛药、物理疗法、饮食改变或营养保健品对该疾病进行的管理是保守的，效果较差。MOA 是人医和兽医中髋关节发育不良发展的决定因素。髋关节发育不良是一种遗传性疾病，发病率较高，因此由于相关的不适和显著的功能限制，具有重要的临床意义。此外，由于类似的人类和犬类髋关节发育不良疾病，以及“One Medicine”理念，统一兽医和人类研究可以改善这两种物种的健康和福祉，提高对共同疾病的认识。在髋关节发育不良的预防保守管理方面，人类已经取得了巨大的成功，并且遵循“One Medicine”理念，类似的措施将使犬类受益。此外，动物模型长期以来一直被用于更好地理解不同疾病的机制。当前的动物模型研究和兔模型在病理生理研究中的作用以及犬作为自发性动物模型的作用被强调，表明不存在兔功能性模型来研究髋关节 MOA 的治疗方法。
