Department for Infection Prevention and Control, Institute for Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2023 Oct 24;12(1):116. doi: 10.1186/s13756-023-01322-z.
Antimicrobial materials or surfaces are advertised as part of infection prevention bundles. However, the efficacy of such antimicrobial surfaces has not been sufficiently investigated in hospitals. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of examination gloves with light-activated antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive microorganisms was investigated modelling real live conditions.
In a standardized experimental set-up with dry and realistic contamination, the antimicrobial properties of gloves claiming light dependent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive organisms were tested in comparison with conventional examination gloves. All gloves were contaminated through a standardized activity of the test persons for construction with contaminated building blocks. For contamination suspensions of Enterococcus faecium ATCC 6057, Acinetobacter baumannii (outbreak strain), methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 or E. faecium (VRE) patient isolate were dried on the surfaces. After the standardized activity, the gloves were held for 10 min in the light present in the room (bright conditions) and the grade of contamination was determined subsequently by quantitative culture. In one experimental series gloves were held in a dark box after contamination as a control (dark conditions).
The light intensity in all experiments under bright conditions was significantly above the limit value specified by the manufacturer for the activation of antimicrobial properties (> 500 lx). The mean values for experiments with antimicrobial active and non-active gloves were 955 and 935 lx, respectively. As claimed by the manufacture, the gloves showed no sufficient efficacy against A. baumannii under bright conditions. Against Gram-positive microorganisms such as E. faecium, E. faecium (VRE) and methicillin resistant S. aureus the gloves showed only very low antimicrobial activity with a reduction factor < 1 log even after 10 min in bright conditions. Interestingly, comparable results for experiments with A. baumannii and E. faecium were shown under dark conditions.
The lack of activity of the active principle against Gram-negative microorganisms could be confirmed. The reduction factors of > 4 log within 5 min for Gram-positive microorganisms claimed for the product using a standard test procedure (ASTM D7907) could not be confirmed in a realistic experimental test set-up even after 10 min of light exposure. The effectiveness against Gram-positive microorganisms should be further investigated under realistic (dry) conditions, including patient care. At this stage, the use of supposedly antimicrobial gloves should not be recommended, as the belief in their efficacy may encourage the misuse of gloves.
抗菌材料或表面被宣传为感染预防包的一部分。然而，这些抗菌表面的功效尚未在医院中得到充分研究。在这项研究中，模拟实际生活条件，研究了具有光激活抗菌性能的检查手套对革兰氏阳性微生物的抗菌活性。
在带有干燥和实际污染的标准化实验设置中，测试了声称对革兰氏阳性生物具有光依赖性抗菌活性的手套与传统检查手套的抗菌性能。所有手套均通过测试人员的标准化活动进行污染，该活动涉及使用受污染的建筑砌块进行施工。对于污染悬浮液，将屎肠球菌 ATCC 6057、鲍曼不动杆菌（暴发株）、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 ATCC 43300 或屎肠球菌（VRE）患者分离株干燥在表面上。在标准化活动后，将手套在房间内的光（明亮条件）下保持 10 分钟，然后通过定量培养确定随后的污染程度。在一个实验系列中，污染后将手套放在黑暗的盒子中作为对照（黑暗条件）。
在明亮条件下进行的所有实验中的光强度均明显高于制造商规定的激活抗菌性能的限值（>500 lx）。具有抗菌活性和非活性手套的实验平均值分别为 955 和 935 lx。根据制造商的说法，在明亮条件下，这些手套对鲍曼不动杆菌没有足够的功效。对于革兰氏阳性微生物，如屎肠球菌、屎肠球菌（VRE）和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌，即使在明亮条件下保持 10 分钟，手套的抗菌活性也非常低，减少因子<1 对数。有趣的是，在黑暗条件下进行的鲍曼不动杆菌和屎肠球菌实验显示出类似的结果。
可以证实对革兰氏阴性微生物的活性成分缺乏活性。在现实实验测试设置中，即使在 10 分钟的光照暴露后，也无法确认产品使用标准测试程序（ASTM D7907）声称的革兰氏阳性微生物>4 对数的减少因子。应在包括患者护理在内的实际（干燥）条件下进一步研究对革兰氏阳性微生物的有效性。在现阶段，不应推荐使用据称具有抗菌性能的手套，因为对其功效的信任可能会鼓励滥用手套。
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