Sadee Bashdar Abuzed, Galali Yaseen, Zebari Salih M S
Department of Food Technology, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University-Erbil KRG Iraq
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cihan University-Erbil Erbil Iraq.
RSC Adv. 2023 Oct 23;13(44):30959-30977. doi: 10.1039/d3ra05770d. eCollection 2023 Oct 18.
Arsenic (As) speciation is an interesting topic because it is well recognized that the toxicity of this metalloid ultimately depends on its chemical form. More than 300 arsenicals exist naturally. However, As can be present in four oxidation states: As, As, As and As. Long-term exposure to As from different sources, such as anthropogenic processes, or water, fauna and flora contaminated with As, has put human health at risk for decades. There are many side-effects correlated with exposure to InAs species, such as skin problems, respiratory diseases, kidney problems, cardiovascular diseases and even cancer. There are different levels and types of As in foods, particularly in vegetables. Furthermore, different chemical methods and techniques have been developed. Therefore, this review focuses on the general properties of various approaches used to identify As species in vegetation samples published worldwide. This includes various approaches (different solvents and techniques) used to extract As species from the matrix. Then, versatile chromatographic and non-chromatographic systems to separate different forms of As are reviewed. Finally, the general properties of the most common instruments used to detect As species from samples of interest are listed.
砷（As）的形态分析是一个有趣的话题，因为人们已经充分认识到这种类金属的毒性最终取决于其化学形态。自然界中存在300多种砷化合物。然而，砷可以呈现四种氧化态：As、As、As和As。长期接触来自不同来源的砷，如人为活动产生的砷，或被砷污染的水、动植物，几十年来一直使人类健康面临风险。接触不同价态的砷会产生许多副作用，如皮肤问题、呼吸系统疾病、肾脏问题、心血管疾病甚至癌症。食品中存在不同含量和类型的砷，尤其是蔬菜。此外，人们还开发了不同的化学方法和技术。因此，本综述重点关注全球发表的用于鉴定植物样品中砷形态的各种方法的一般特性。这包括用于从基质中提取砷形态的各种方法（不同的溶剂和技术）。然后，综述了用于分离不同形式砷的通用色谱和非色谱系统。最后，列出了用于检测感兴趣样品中砷形态的最常见仪器的一般特性。
