Haque Md Morshedul, Niloy Nahin Mostofa, Khirul Md Akhte, Alam Md Ferdous, Tareq Shafi M
Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.
Training Institute for Chemical Industries (TICI), Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation (BCIC), Narsingdi, 1611, Bangladesh.
Heliyon. 2021 Feb 24;7(2):e06309. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06309. eCollection 2021 Feb.
Monitoring of heavy metal content in commonly consumed vegetables is of high priority for food safety, and public health risk assessment. Vegetables were collected from industrial, non-industrial, arsenic contaminated region and one of popular vegetable markets of Bangladesh for analyzing heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) with standard digestion procedure. Results showed significant variations of heavy metal content among vegetables and most of cases the metals (except Cu and some of Zn) revealed several times higher concentrations than that of maximum permissible level (MPL) values, which indicated the vegetables were contaminated through either natural or anthropogenic activities. The dietary intake of metals are responsible for association of health risk that evaluated by target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and target carcinogenic risk (TR) calculations. Estimated daily intake (EDI) for all metals were below the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI) values of all vegetables. The THQs for single metals were less than 1 (except As and Pb for few vegetables), indicating the inhabitant would not possess health hazard for single metal through vegetables consumption. However, the total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) of all metals were >1 (except Cu and Zn for industrial and non-industrial sites), suggesting potential health risk. HI values were found more than 1 (36.24 for industrial site, 16.74 for non-industrial site, and 15.03 for local market) representing the selected vegetables intake might be affected quality of food safety of densely populated Bangladesh. The probabilistic risk, individual, and total cancer risk (TR) for As and Pb were exceeded the threshold level (10) and safe limit (10), respectively, indicating peoples who have been consuming these vegetables long time, they might be exposed by lifetime cancer risk. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the metal concentration has high influence on carcinogenic risks.
监测常见食用蔬菜中的重金属含量对于食品安全和公共卫生风险评估至关重要。从孟加拉国的工业区、非工业区、砷污染地区以及一个受欢迎的蔬菜市场采集蔬菜，采用标准消解程序，利用原子吸收光谱法（AAS）分析重金属（砷、镉、铅、铜和锌）。结果表明，蔬菜中的重金属含量存在显著差异，在大多数情况下，这些金属（除铜和部分锌外）的浓度比最大允许水平（MPL）值高出数倍，这表明蔬菜受到了自然或人为活动的污染。金属的膳食摄入量与健康风险相关，通过目标危害商数（THQ）、危害指数（HI）和目标致癌风险（TR）计算进行评估。所有金属的估计每日摄入量（EDI）均低于所有蔬菜的最大可耐受每日摄入量（MTDI）值。单一金属的THQ小于1（少数蔬菜的砷和铅除外），这表明居民通过食用蔬菜不会因单一金属而面临健康危害。然而，所有金属的总目标危害商数（TTHQ）大于1（工业区和非工业区的铜和锌除外），表明存在潜在的健康风险。发现HI值大于1（工业区为36.24，非工业区为16.74，当地市场为15.03），这表明在人口密集的孟加拉国，食用所选蔬菜可能会影响食品安全质量。砷和铅的概率风险、个体和总癌症风险（TR）分别超过了阈值水平（10）和安全限值（10），这表明长期食用这些蔬菜的人群可能面临终生癌症风险。敏感性分析表明，金属浓度对致癌风险有很大影响。
