Evolutionary characteristics of global offshore carbon emissions network and responsibility allocation of emissions reduction.

Offshore carbon emissions from the international shipping trade are significant contributors to climate change. Based on the complex shipping trade networks, offshore carbon emissions are correlated rather than independent, and allocating responsibility for reducing emissions does not depend solely on the amount but on linkages. We use the global container shipping data covering more than 98% of routes from 2015 to 2020 to calculate the offshore carbon emissions from shipping. Subsequently, we construct an offshore carbon emissions network based on the shipping routes and emissions to identify the evolutionary tendency of network and clarify emissions reduction responsibilities by considering equity and efficiency. We discover that global offshore carbon emissions present a complicated network structure dominated by developed countries and large economies. Countries on the same continent or within the same economic organizations have closer and more frequent carbon correlations. Greater responsibilities should be allocated to countries who are at the center of the network.