School of Business, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Mar;29(15):21692-21704. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-17309-5. Epub 2021 Nov 12.
This paper constructs the ZSG-SBM model, comprehensive fairness allocation model, and balance allocation model from the perspectives of efficiency, fairness, and balance. Making use of the actual input-output data of China's provincial economic system in 2019, and the above three models to study the reasonable scheme of China's provincial carbon emission quota allocation in 2019. The results show that ZSG efficiency allocation can significantly improve the carbon emission efficiency of inefficient provinces, and the carbon emissions of inefficient provinces after allocation reach the efficiency frontier. The carbon emission quota of 16 provinces which located in the central and western regions of China with underdeveloped economy and relatively low carbon emission efficiency need to be decreased, while the eastern coastal provinces with more developed economy and high carbon emission efficiency in China should increase their carbon emission quota. On the one hand, comprehensive fairness allocation reduces the carbon emission reduction target constraints of economically underdeveloped provinces; on the other hand, it strengthens the carbon emission reduction target constraints of low-carbon technology backward provinces. As a result, the carbon emission quota of economically developed provinces and provinces with high carbon intensity per unit GDP is reduced in this method. The result of balancing efficiency and fairness lies between ZSG efficiency allocation and comprehensive fairness allocation. In order to alleviate the huge pressure on the emission reduction of provinces with low actual carbon emission efficiency under the ZSG efficiency allocation mode, the Chinese government can gradually increase the weight of ZSG efficiency allocation results, and finally adopt a complete ZSG efficiency allocation scheme in the carbon peak year to realize the transformation of low-carbon economy.
本文从效率、公平和平衡的角度构建了 ZSG-SBM 模型、综合公平分配模型和平衡分配模型。利用中国 2019 年省级经济系统的实际投入产出数据，以及上述三种模型，研究了 2019 年中国省级碳排放配额分配的合理方案。结果表明，ZSG 效率分配可以显著提高效率低下省份的碳排放效率，分配后效率低下省份的碳排放达到效率前沿。中国经济欠发达、碳排放效率相对较低的中西部 16 个省份的碳排放配额需要减少，而经济发达、碳排放效率高的东部沿海省份应增加其碳排放配额。一方面，综合公平分配降低了经济欠发达省份的碳减排目标约束；另一方面，它加强了低碳技术落后省份的碳减排目标约束。结果是，经济发达省份和单位 GDP 碳强度高的省份的碳排放配额减少。平衡效率和公平的结果介于 ZSG 效率分配和综合公平分配之间。为了缓解 ZSG 效率分配模式下实际碳排放效率较低省份减排的巨大压力，中国政府可以逐步增加 ZSG 效率分配结果的权重，最终在碳峰值年采用完全的 ZSG 效率分配方案，实现低碳经济的转型。
