Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.
Research Centre of the Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Chem Senses. 2023 Jan 1;48. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjad045.
Olfactory and declarative memory performances are associated, as both functions are processed by overlapping medial-temporal and prefrontal structures and decline in older adults. While a decline in olfactory identification may be related to a decline in declarative memory, the relationship between olfactory detection threshold and declarative memory remains unclear. In this meta-analysis, we assessed (i) the relationship between olfactory identification/detection threshold and verbal declarative memory in cognitively normal older adults, and (ii) the effect of age on these relationships. We included articles from PsychNet, PubMed, and Academic Search Complete according to the following criteria: (i) inclusion of cognitively normal older adults; (ii) assessment of episodic or semantic memory; and (iii) assessment of olfactory identification or detection threshold. Seventeen studies and 22 effect sizes were eligible and included in this meta-analysis. Olfactory identification was associated with episodic (small effect size: r = 0.19; k = 22) and semantic memory (small effect size: r = 0.16; k = 23). Similarly, the olfactory detection threshold was associated with both episodic (small to medium effect size: r = 0.25; k = 5) and semantic memory (small effect size: r = 0.17; k = 7). Age was found to moderate the relationship between olfactory detection threshold and memory performance. Both olfactory identification and detection threshold performances are associated with declarative memory in older adults, and age only moderates the relationship between olfactory detection threshold and declarative memory performances.
嗅觉和陈述性记忆表现相关，因为这两种功能都由重叠的内侧颞叶和前额叶结构处理，并随着年龄的增长而下降。虽然嗅觉识别能力的下降可能与陈述性记忆的下降有关，但嗅觉检测阈值与陈述性记忆之间的关系尚不清楚。在这项荟萃分析中，我们评估了（i）认知正常的老年人嗅觉识别/检测阈值与言语陈述性记忆之间的关系，以及（ii）年龄对这些关系的影响。我们根据以下标准从 PsychNet、PubMed 和 Academic Search Complete 中筛选文章：（i）纳入认知正常的老年人；（ii）评估情景或语义记忆；（iii）评估嗅觉识别或检测阈值。有 17 项研究和 22 个效应量符合条件并纳入了荟萃分析。嗅觉识别与情景记忆（小效应量：r = 0.19；k = 22）和语义记忆（小效应量：r = 0.16；k = 23）相关。同样，嗅觉检测阈值与情景记忆（小到中等效应量：r = 0.25；k = 5）和语义记忆（小效应量：r = 0.17；k = 7）均相关。年龄被发现调节了嗅觉检测阈值与记忆表现之间的关系。嗅觉识别和检测阈值表现都与老年人的陈述性记忆相关，而年龄仅调节了嗅觉检测阈值与陈述性记忆表现之间的关系。
