Sun Xiaoning, Ding Chunmei, Qin Meng, Li Jianshu
College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
Small. 2024 Mar;20(11):e2306960. doi: 10.1002/smll.202306960. Epub 2023 Oct 26.
Hydrogels are known to have the advantages such as good biodegradability, biocompatibility, and easy functionalization, making them ideal candidates for biosensors. Hydrogel-based biosensors that respond to bacteria-induced microenvironmental changes such as pH, enzymes, antigens, etc., or directly interact with bacterial surface receptors, can be applied for early diagnosis of bacterial infections, providing information for timely treatment while avoiding antibiotic abuse. Furthermore, hydrogel biosensors capable of both bacteria diagnosis and treatment will greatly facilitate the development of point-of-care monitoring of bacterial infections. In this review, the recent advancement of hydrogel-based biosensors for bacterial infection is summarized and discussed. First, the biosensors based on pH-sensitive hydrogels, bacterial-specific secretions-sensitive hydrogels, and hydrogels directly in contact with bacterial surfaces are presented. Next, hydrogel biosensors capable of detecting bacterial infection in the early stage followed by immediate on-demand treatment are discussed. Finally, the challenges and future development of hydrogel biosensors for bacterial infections are proposed.
水凝胶具有良好的生物降解性、生物相容性和易于功能化等优点，使其成为生物传感器的理想候选材料。基于水凝胶的生物传感器可对细菌诱导的微环境变化（如pH值、酶、抗原等）做出响应，或直接与细菌表面受体相互作用，可用于细菌感染的早期诊断，为及时治疗提供信息，同时避免抗生素滥用。此外，能够同时进行细菌诊断和治疗的水凝胶生物传感器将极大地促进细菌感染即时检测的发展。在这篇综述中，总结并讨论了基于水凝胶的细菌感染生物传感器的最新进展。首先，介绍了基于pH敏感水凝胶、细菌特异性分泌物敏感水凝胶以及直接与细菌表面接触的水凝胶的生物传感器。接下来，讨论了能够在早期检测细菌感染并随后立即进行按需治疗的水凝胶生物传感器。最后，提出了水凝胶细菌感染生物传感器面临的挑战和未来发展方向。
