Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.
Sci Rep. 2023 Oct 26;13(1):18393. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-44952-4.
Sexism is a widespread form of gender discrimination, which can take the form of criticism towards women based on gender stereotypes. However, little is known about how perceived criticism and sexism shape one's construal of criticism from various interpersonal sources. The present study investigated whether perceived criticism, perceived sexism and the source of criticism (mother, father, workplace supervisor, romantic partner) interact to influence upset levels in response to criticism. 178 participants completed perceived criticism (PC) ratings for the four relationships and 95 female participants also completed the Schedule of Sexist Events scale. Participants read experimental vignettes describing scenarios of criticism from different sources and rated how upset they would feel in each scenario. Perceived sexism significantly moderated the effect of PC on upset levels only for sexist-related criticism from romantic partners and supervisors. Female participants with low perceived sexism show higher levels of upset as PC increased for sexist-related criticism from supervisors whereas female participants with high perceived sexism show lower levels of upset as PC increased for sexist-related criticism from romantic partners. These findings contribute towards understanding how perceived criticism and perceived sexism influence affective reactions to criticism across interpersonal sources.
性别歧视是一种普遍存在的性别歧视形式，可以表现为基于性别刻板印象对女性的批评。然而，人们对感知到的批评和性别歧视如何影响人们对来自各种人际来源的批评的理解知之甚少。本研究调查了感知到的批评、感知到的性别歧视以及批评的来源（母亲、父亲、工作场所主管、浪漫伴侣）是否相互作用，以影响对批评的不安程度。178 名参与者完成了对四种关系的感知批评（PC）评价，95 名女性参与者还完成了性别歧视事件量表。参与者阅读了描述来自不同来源的批评场景的实验小插曲，并对他们在每种情况下感到不安的程度进行了评价。只有当来自浪漫伴侣和主管的性别歧视相关批评时，感知到的性别歧视才会显著调节 PC 对不安程度的影响。感知到的性别歧视程度较低的女性参与者，随着来自主管的性别歧视相关批评的增加，表现出更高的不安水平，而感知到的性别歧视程度较高的女性参与者，随着来自浪漫伴侣的性别歧视相关批评的增加，表现出更低的不安水平。这些发现有助于理解感知到的批评和感知到的性别歧视如何影响对来自各种人际来源的批评的情感反应。
