Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Functional Feed Innovation Center (FuncFeed), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2023 Dec;143:109191. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109191. Epub 2023 Oct 27.
Oxygen nanobubble (NB-O) technology has been introduced to the aquaculture industry in recent years. This treatment usually results in a tremendously high level of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the water. However, little is known about the possible negative effects of hyperoxia due to NB-O treatment (hyper-NB-O) on farmed fish. Here, we investigated i) the effect of short-term hyper-NB-O exposure (single treatment) on the innate immunity in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, and ii) the effect of long-term hyper-NB-O exposure (26-day treatments) on survival, growth performance, gill histology, and gut microbiome in Nile tilapia. A single treatment with NB-O for 10 min in 50 L of water resulted in 24.2 ± 0.04 mg/L DO (approximately 2-3 × 10 nanoscale oxygen bubbles/mL). This treatment did not result in differences in expression of several immune-related genes (e.g., TNF-α, LYZ and HPS70) in various tissues (e.g., gill, head kidney, and spleen) compared to the non-treated control. Over a 26-day period of exposure, no significant differences were observed in survival and growth performance of the fish, but minor histological changes were occasionally noted on the gills. Analysis of the gut microbiome revealed a significant increase in the genera Bosea, Exiguobacterium, Hyphomicrobium, and Singulisphaera in the group receiving NB-O. Moreover, no signs of "gas bubble disease" were observed in the fish throughout the duration of the experiment. Overall, these results suggest that both short- and long-term hyper-NB-O exposure appears to be benign and has no obvious adverse effects on fish.
氧气纳米气泡（NB-O）技术近年来被引入水产养殖业。这种处理通常会导致水中的溶解氧（DO）水平极高。然而，由于 NB-O 处理（高 NB-O）导致的富氧对养殖鱼类可能产生的负面影响知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了 i）短期高 NB-O 暴露（单次处理）对尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）固有免疫的影响，和 ii）长期高 NB-O 暴露（26 天处理）对尼罗罗非鱼的存活、生长性能、鳃组织学和肠道微生物组的影响。在 50 升水中用 NB-O 处理 10 分钟，可产生 24.2±0.04 mg/L 的 DO（约为 2-3×10 个纳米级氧气气泡/mL）。与未处理的对照组相比，这种处理方式不会导致不同组织（如鳃、头肾和脾脏）中几种免疫相关基因（如 TNF-α、LYZ 和 HPS70）的表达差异。在 26 天的暴露期内，鱼的存活率和生长性能没有显著差异，但偶尔会注意到鳃的轻微组织学变化。肠道微生物组分析显示，接受 NB-O 的鱼类中，Bosea、Exiguobacterium、Hyphomicrobium 和 Singulisphaera 等属的数量显著增加。此外，在整个实验过程中，鱼没有出现“气泡病”的迹象。总的来说，这些结果表明，短期和长期高 NB-O 暴露似乎是良性的，对鱼类没有明显的不良影响。
