Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Infection Prevention, UNC Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
Am J Infect Control. 2023 Nov;51(11S):A22-A34. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.02.006.
New and emerging infectious diseases continue to represent a public health threat. Emerging infectious disease threats include pathogens increasing in range (eg, Mpox), zoonotic microbes jumping species lines to cause sustained infections in humans via person-to-person transmission (SARS-CoV-2) and multidrug-resistant pathogens (eg, Candida auris).
We searched the published English literature and reviewed the selected articles on SARS-CoV-2, Mpox, and Candida auris with a focus on environmental survival, contamination of the patient's hospital environment, susceptibility of the pathogen to antiseptics and disinfectants and infection prevention recommendations.
All three pathogens (ie, SARS-CoV-2, Mpox, and Candida auris) can survive on surfaces for minutes to hours and for Mpox and C auris for days. Currently available antiseptics (eg, 70%-90% alcohol hand hygiene products) are active against SARS-CoV-2, Mpox and C auris. The U.S Environmental Protection Agency provides separate lists of surface disinfectants active against SARS-CoV-2, Mpox, and C auris.
The risk of environment-to-patient transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Mpox and Candida auris, is very low, low-moderate and high, respectively. In the absence of appropriate patient isolation and use of personal protection equipment, the risk of patient-to-health care provider transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Mpox, and C auris is high, moderate and low, respectively.
Appropriate patient isolation, use of personal protective equipment by health care personnel, hand hygiene, and surface disinfection can protect patients and health care personnel from acquiring SARS-CoV-2, Mpox, and C auris from infected patients.
新出现和新出现的传染病继续构成公共卫生威胁。新出现的传染病威胁包括病原体传播范围扩大（例如，猴痘）、人畜共患病微生物跨越物种界限，通过人与人之间的传播在人类中引起持续感染（SARS-CoV-2）和多药耐药病原体（例如，耳念珠菌）。
我们搜索了已发表的英文文献，并对 SARS-CoV-2、猴痘和耳念珠菌的选定文章进行了综述，重点关注环境生存能力、患者医院环境的污染、病原体对防腐剂和消毒剂的敏感性以及感染预防建议。
所有三种病原体（即 SARS-CoV-2、猴痘和耳念珠菌）都可以在表面存活数分钟到数小时，而猴痘和耳念珠菌则可以存活数天。目前可用的防腐剂（例如，70%-90%酒精手部卫生产品）对 SARS-CoV-2、猴痘和耳念珠菌有效。美国环境保护署提供了针对 SARS-CoV-2、猴痘和耳念珠菌的表面消毒剂的单独清单。
SARS-CoV-2、猴痘和耳念珠菌从环境传播到患者的风险非常低、低-中度和高，分别。在没有适当的患者隔离和使用个人防护设备的情况下，SARS-CoV-2、猴痘和耳念珠菌从患者传播到医护人员的风险分别为高、中、低。
适当的患者隔离、医护人员使用个人防护设备、手部卫生和表面消毒可以保护患者和医护人员免受感染患者的 SARS-CoV-2、猴痘和耳念珠菌感染。
