Characterization of the Metallothionein Gene Family in L. and the Gene Expression during Seed Germination and Heavy Metal Stress.

Metallothioneins (MTs) are a family of small proteins rich in cysteine residues. The sulfhydryl group of metallothioneins can bind to metal ions, maintaining metal homeostasis and protecting the cells from damage caused by toxic heavy metals. Moreover, MTs can function as reactive oxygen species scavengers since cysteine thiols undergo reversible and irreversible oxidation. Here, we identified 21 metallothionein genes (s) in the oat ( L.) genome, which were divided into four types depending on the amino acid sequences of putative proteins encoded by identified genes. Analysis of promoter sequences showed that might respond to a variety of stimuli, including biotic and abiotic stresses and phytohormones. The results of qRT-PCR showed that all four types of s are differentially expressed during the first 48 hours of seed germination. Moreover, stress induced by the application of zinc, cadmium, and a mixture of zinc and cadmium affects the expression of oat variously depending on the MT type, indicating that fulfil different roles in plant cells.