Kokkou Stamatia, Notara Venetia, Kanellopoulou Aikaterini, Lagiou Areti, Panagiotakos Demosthenes
Department of Public and Community Health, Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Alexandras Avenue 196, 115 21 Athens, Greece.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Thiseos 70, 176 76 Athens, Greece.
Children (Basel). 2023 Sep 27;10(10):1606. doi: 10.3390/children10101606.
The development of overweight and obesity during late childhood and early adolescence is one of the most critical issues in public health. Additionally, over the past few years, the consumption of protein has tended to increase in both children and adults. The present study aimed to evaluate whether the protein type, either plant- or animal-sourced, as well as the quantity consumed, could potentially have a relationship with excess body weight in children. A total of 47 primary schools were selected, and 1728 students, aged 10-12 years, were enrolled for the purposes of this study, leading to our final sample of 712. Physical measurements, such as weight and height, were measured, and children were separated into two weight status categories according to their Body Mass Index, which was obtained through the International Obesity Task Force criteria. Students' diets were assessed through a questionnaire, and total, plant- and animal-derived protein intakes were calculated. Unadjusted analysis showed a statistically significant association between body weight and plant protein. After adjustment for overall energy intake, sex, age, and exercise, there was a statistically significant negative association between plant protein and excess body weight in children (OR: 0.964, 95% CI: 0.936; 0.992), but a lack of association for animal-sourced protein (OR: 1.002, 95% CI: 0.991; 1.013). Dietary plant-derived protein seems to have a positive effect on weight status in children, independently of total energy intake and physical activity; nevertheless, additional research is required in order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
儿童晚期和青少年早期超重和肥胖的发展是公共卫生领域最关键的问题之一。此外，在过去几年中，儿童和成人的蛋白质摄入量都有增加的趋势。本研究旨在评估蛋白质的类型（植物源或动物源）以及摄入量是否可能与儿童超重有关。总共选择了47所小学，招募了1728名10至12岁的学生参与本研究，最终样本为712名。测量了体重和身高 等身体指标，并根据通过国际肥胖特别工作组标准获得的体重指数将儿童分为两种体重状况类别。通过问卷调查评估学生的饮食，并计算总蛋白质、植物源蛋白质和动物源蛋白质的摄入量。未调整分析显示体重与植物蛋白之间存在统计学上的显著关联。在对总能量摄入、性别、年龄和运动进行调整后，植物蛋白与儿童超重之间存在统计学上的显著负相关（OR：0.964，95% CI：0.936；0.992），但动物源蛋白缺乏关联（OR：1.002，95% CI：0.991；1.013）。膳食植物源蛋白似乎对儿童的体重状况有积极影响，独立于总能量摄入和身体活动；然而，需要进一步的研究来阐明其潜在机制。
