Department of Nursing, Nishinomiya Kyoritsu Neurosurgical Hospital, 11-1, Imazuyamanaka-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8211, Japan.
Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1, Yazakokarimata, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan.
Nutrients. 2023 Oct 15;15(20):4371. doi: 10.3390/nu15204371.
Sarcopenic dysphagia (SD) is an emerging concern in geriatric medicine. This study aimed to identify the prevalence, progression, and distinct attributes of SD in patients in the Department of Geriatric Medicine. Older adult patients admitted between 2021 and 2022 were enrolled. The department conducts a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) combined with a multidisciplinary team-based intervention, setting the standard for medical care. We diligently assessed the occurrence and development of dysphagia at both the admission and discharge phases. Of the 180 patients analyzed (38.9% male, mean age 86.0 ± 6.6 years), 22.8% were diagnosed with SD at admission, thrice the rate of other dysphagia variants. Only one patient had new-onset dysphagia during hospitalization, attributed to SD. Patients with SD showed a better recovery rate (18.9%) than those with other dysphagia types. Patients with diminished swallowing capacity had compromised nutritional profiles, diminished energy and protein consumption, and extended fasting durations. Although sarcopenia is a prevalent inducer of dysphagia in older adults, an integrated approach in geriatric medicine involving rehabilitation, nutrition, and dentistry is pivotal. Strategies rooted in CGA promise potential for addressing dysphagia.
肌少性吞咽困难（SD）是老年医学领域日益关注的问题。本研究旨在确定老年医学科患者中 SD 的患病率、进展和特征。纳入了 2021 年至 2022 年间入院的老年患者。该科室采用综合老年评估（CGA）结合多学科团队干预，为医疗护理设定了标准。我们在入院和出院阶段都认真评估了吞咽困难的发生和发展。在分析的 180 名患者中（38.9%为男性，平均年龄 86.0±6.6 岁），22.8%的患者在入院时被诊断为 SD，是其他吞咽困难类型的三倍。只有一名患者在住院期间出现新发吞咽困难，归因于 SD。SD 患者的康复率（18.9%）高于其他吞咽困难类型的患者。吞咽能力下降的患者营养状况较差，能量和蛋白质摄入减少，禁食时间延长。尽管肌肉减少症是老年人吞咽困难的常见诱因，但老年医学中涉及康复、营养和牙科的综合方法至关重要。基于 CGA 的策略有望解决吞咽困难问题。
