Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Oct 18;24(20):15321. doi: 10.3390/ijms242015321.
Gastric cancer presents substantial management challenges, and the advent of immunotherapy has ignited renewed hope among patients. Nevertheless, a significant proportion of patients do not respond to immunotherapy, and adverse events associated with immunotherapy also occur on occasion, underscoring the imperative to identify suitable candidates for treatment. Several biomarkers, including programmed death ligand-1 expression, tumor mutation burden, mismatch repair status, Epstein-Barr Virus infection, circulating tumor DNA, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, have demonstrated potential in predicting the effectiveness of immunotherapy in gastric cancer. However, the quest for the optimal predictive biomarker for gastric cancer immunotherapy remains challenging, as each biomarker carries its own limitations. Recently, multi-omics technologies have emerged as promising platforms for discovering novel biomarkers that may help in selecting gastric cancer patients likely to respond to immunotherapy. The identification of reliable predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy in gastric cancer holds the promise of enhancing patient selection and improving treatment outcomes. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of clinically established biomarkers of immunotherapy in gastric cancer. Additionally, we introduce newly reported biomarkers based on multi-omics studies in the context of gastric cancer immunotherapy, thereby contributing to the ongoing efforts to refine patient stratification and treatment strategies.
胃癌的治疗存在诸多挑战，免疫疗法的出现为患者带来了新的希望。然而，相当一部分患者对免疫疗法没有反应，免疫疗法相关的不良反应也时有发生，这凸显了确定合适治疗对象的必要性。一些生物标志物，包括程序性死亡配体-1 表达、肿瘤突变负担、错配修复状态、EB 病毒感染、循环肿瘤 DNA 和肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞，已显示出在预测胃癌免疫疗法疗效方面的潜力。然而，寻找胃癌免疫治疗的最佳预测生物标志物仍然具有挑战性，因为每个生物标志物都有其自身的局限性。最近，多组学技术已成为发现可能有助于选择对免疫治疗有反应的胃癌患者的新型生物标志物的有前途的平台。确定胃癌免疫治疗中可靠的预测生物标志物有望提高患者选择和改善治疗结果。在这篇综述中，我们旨在概述胃癌免疫治疗中已确立的临床生物标志物。此外，我们根据多组学研究在胃癌免疫治疗背景下介绍了新报告的生物标志物，从而为不断完善患者分层和治疗策略的努力做出了贡献。
