Rieker Martin E G, Lutz Maximilian A, El-Hasan Abbas, Thomas Stefan, Voegele Ralf T
Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Phytomedicine, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Oct 11;12(20):3534. doi: 10.3390/plants12203534.
spp. are important pathogens on cereals, capable of causing considerable yield losses and significantly reducing the quality of harvested grains due to contamination with mycotoxins. The European Union intends to reduce the use of chemical-synthetic plant protection products (csPPP) by up to 50% by the year 2030. To realize this endeavor without significant economic losses for farmers, it is crucial to have both precise early detection of pathogens and effective alternatives for csPPP. To investigate both the early detection of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and the efficacy of selected biological control agents (BCAs), a pot experiment with spring wheat (cv. 'Servus') was conducted under semi-field conditions. Spikes were sprayed with different BCAs prior to inoculation with a mixture of and conidia. While early detection of FHB was investigated by hyperspectral imaging (HSI), the efficiency of the fungal ( sp. T10, T16, T23 and CRP1104) and bacterial ( HG77 and G308) BCAs was assessed by visual monitoring. Evaluation of the hyperspectral images using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) resulted in a pathogen detection nine days post inoculation (dpi) with the pathogen, and thus four days before the first symptoms could be visually detected. Furthermore, support vector machines (SVM) and a combination of LDA and distance classifier (DC) were also able to detect FHB symptoms earlier than manual rating. Scoring the spikes at 13 and 17 dpi with the pathogen showed no significant differences in the FHB incidence among the treatments. Nevertheless, there is a trend suggesting that all BCAs exhibit a diminishing effect against FHB, with fungal isolates demonstrating greater efficacy compared to bacterial ones.
镰刀菌属是谷物上的重要病原菌，能够造成可观的产量损失，并因被霉菌毒素污染而显著降低收获谷物的品质。欧盟打算到2030年将化学合成植物保护产品（csPPP）的使用量减少多达50%。为了在不给农民造成重大经济损失的情况下实现这一目标，精准早期检测病原菌以及找到csPPP的有效替代品至关重要。为了研究小麦赤霉病（FHB）的早期检测以及所选生物防治剂（BCA）的功效，在半田间条件下对春小麦（品种‘Servus’）进行了盆栽试验。在接种禾谷镰刀菌和黄色镰刀菌分生孢子混合物之前，用不同的生物防治剂对麦穗进行喷雾处理。通过高光谱成像（HSI）研究FHB的早期检测，通过视觉监测评估真菌（尖孢镰刀菌T10、黄色镰刀菌T16、三线镰刀菌T23和轮枝镰刀菌CRP1104）和细菌（枯草芽孢杆菌HG77和蜡样芽孢杆菌G308）生物防治剂的效果。使用线性判别分析（LDA）对高光谱图像进行评估，结果在接种病原菌后九天（dpi）检测到病原菌，因此比肉眼首次检测到症状提前了四天。此外，支持向量机（SVM）以及LDA和距离分类器（DC）的组合也能够比人工评级更早地检测到FHB症状。在接种病原菌后13和17 dpi对麦穗进行评分，结果表明各处理之间FHB发病率没有显著差异。然而，有一个趋势表明，所有生物防治剂对FHB的防治效果都在减弱，真菌分离株的效果比细菌分离株更好。
